Thread limb relatives

Thread limb relatives
	Lentil rash Typhula phacorrhiza
Systematics
Department :	Stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota)
Subdivision :	Agaricomycotina
Class :	Agaricomycetes
Subclass :	Agaricomycetidae
Order :	Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family :	Thread limb relatives
Scientific name
	Typhulaceae
	Jülich

The fadish relatives ( Typhulaceae) are a small family of the mushroom-like (Agaricales).

features

The type genus Typhula ( thread lobes ) has strongly reduced, slender thread-like fruiting bodies , which are divided into a stem and a head part. In many species they arise from a sclerotium . The genus Macrotyphula shows no fruiting body structure in stem and head part, but hollow, clavarioide (club-shaped) fruiting bodies. The other members of the family have central to laterally stalked, lamellar fruiting bodies. The stem can also be completely reduced - the fruiting bodies are then grown together with the back of the hat on the substrate. The fruiting bodies are gymnocarp, vela absent.

Distribution and ecology

The family is spread around the world. The thread limb relatives are mostly saprobionts , which can be found on plant remains or on dead wood . Tricholomopsis pteridicola in turn grows on the rhizomes of bracken ( Pteridium aquilinum ), which in this case indicates parasitism .

Systematics

The family contains about 200 described species in 5 genera. Originally, the family was described to separate thin, hollow mushrooms, partly from sclerotia, which morphologically seemed to show little relationship to other large mushrooms, from the soil-colonizing Clavariceae. Recent molecular biological studies show that the genera Typhula and Macrotyphula belong to the order of the Agaricales and are closely related to the lamellar genera Phyllotopsis , Pleurocybella and Tricholomopsis ( wood knights ).

Family: Fathom relatives (Typhulaceae)
- Genus: White oyster mushrooms ( Pleurocybella )

meaning

The ear-shaped white oyster mushroom (Angel Wings - Pleurocybella porrigens ) caused 14 deaths in Japan (in 50 people - all with impaired kidney function) after consumption .

Gallery of selected representatives

Bulge cone
Macrotyphula filiformis
Tubular club
Macrotyphula fistulosa
Orange oyster mushroom
Phyllotopsis nidulans
Ear-shaped white oyster
mushroom Pleurocybella porrigens
Purple felted wood knight
Tricholomopsis rutilans
Olive yellow wood knight
Tricholomopsis decora
Typula sclerotioides
Typhula phacorrhiza

Web links

Commons : Gullet relatives - collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Jacques Bertier: Monograph of Typhula Fr., Pistillaria Fr. et genres voisins. In: Laboratoire de Mycologie associé au CNRS (ed.): Numero special du Bulletin de la societé Linnéenne de Lyon . tape 45 , September 1976.
↑ Ibai Olariaga, Xabier Laskibar, Jan Holec: Molecular data reveal cryptic speciation within Tricholomopsis rutilans: description of T. pteridicola sp. nov. associated with Pteridium aquilinum . In: Mycological Progress . tape 14 , March 31, 2015, p. 21 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-015-1040-4 .
^ Walter Jülich: Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 85 , 1981, pp. 1-485 .
↑ D. Jean Lodge, Mahajabeen Padamsee, P. Brandon Matheny, M. Catherine Aime, Sharon A. Cantrell, David Boertmann, Alexander Kovalenko, Alfredo Vizzini, Bryn TM Dentinger, Paul M. Kirk, A. Martyn Ainsworth, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys. Ellen Larsson, Robert Lücking, Gareth W. Griffith, Matthew E. Smith, Lorelei L. Norvell, Dennis E. Desjardin, Scott A. Redhead, Clark L. Ovrebo, Edgar B. Lickey, Enrico Ercole, Karen W. Hughes, Régis Courtecuisse, Anthony Young, Manfred Binder, Andrew M. Minnis, Daniel L. Lindner, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, John Haight, Thomas Læssøe, Timothy J. Baroni, József Geml, Tsutomu Hattori: Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 64 , 2014, p. 1-99 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0259-0 .
↑ Christoph Hahn, Helmut Grünert: About new and partly well-known poisoning syndromes . In: Mycologia Bavarica . tape 17 , 2016, p. 69-96 .

[:0-1] Jacques Bertier: Monograph of Typhula Fr., Pistillaria Fr. et genres voisins. In: Laboratoire de Mycologie associé au CNRS (ed.): Numero special du Bulletin de la societé Linnéenne de Lyon . tape 45 , September 1976.

[2] Ibai Olariaga, Xabier Laskibar, Jan Holec: Molecular data reveal cryptic speciation within Tricholomopsis rutilans: description of T. pteridicola sp. nov. associated with Pteridium aquilinum . In: Mycological Progress . tape 14 , March 31, 2015, p. 21 , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-015-1040-4 .

[3] Walter Jülich: Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . tape 85 , 1981, pp. 1-485 .

[4] D. Jean Lodge, Mahajabeen Padamsee, P. Brandon Matheny, M. Catherine Aime, Sharon A. Cantrell, David Boertmann, Alexander Kovalenko, Alfredo Vizzini, Bryn TM Dentinger, Paul M. Kirk, A. Martyn Ainsworth, Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys. Ellen Larsson, Robert Lücking, Gareth W. Griffith, Matthew E. Smith, Lorelei L. Norvell, Dennis E. Desjardin, Scott A. Redhead, Clark L. Ovrebo, Edgar B. Lickey, Enrico Ercole, Karen W. Hughes, Régis Courtecuisse, Anthony Young, Manfred Binder, Andrew M. Minnis, Daniel L. Lindner, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana, John Haight, Thomas Læssøe, Timothy J. Baroni, József Geml, Tsutomu Hattori: Molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales) . In: Fungal Diversity . tape 64 , 2014, p. 1-99 , doi : 10.1007 / s13225-013-0259-0 .

[5] Christoph Hahn, Helmut Grünert: About new and partly well-known poisoning syndromes . In: Mycologia Bavarica . tape 17 , 2016, p. 69-96 .