Tyulka sardine

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Tyulka sardine
3 specimens of Clupeonella cultriventris.jpg

Tyulka sardine ( Clupeonella cultriventris )

Systematics
Order : Herring-like (Clupeiformes)
Subordination : Clupeoidei
Family : Herring (Clupeidae)
Subfamily : Ehiravinae
Genre : Clupeonella
Type : Tyulka sardine
Scientific name
Clupeonella cultriventris
( Nordmann , 1840)

The Tyulka sardine ( Clupeonella cultriventris ) is a small migratory fish found in the Black Sea , the Sea of ​​Azov and the Caspian Sea and in the rivers flowing north ( Danube , Dniester , Southern Bug , Dnepr , Don , Kuban , Volga , Urals , Terek ) lives up to 60 km upstream. It is also found in the lakes Uluabat Gölü (Turkey), Palaeostomi (Bulgaria) and in the Bay of Feodosiya (Romania). It belongs to the herring-like (Clupeiformes).

features

The Tyulka sardine is 8 to 12, maximum 17 cm long, has a typical, elongated sardine shape and is covered with relatively large, slightly sloping round scales. The body height can reach more than 20% of the total length. The head is short and wide, the upper jaw is not notched, the lower jaw does not reach the back of the eye. The jaw and ploughshare are edentulous. The number of gill trap rays is 52 to 64. From the throat to the anus, the belly is covered with 24 to 29 sharp keel scales.

The dorsal fin is short, the last two rays of the anal fin are elongated.

The Tyulka sardine is greenish to light gray on the back and silvery on the sides and belly. There are no black spots behind the gill cover.

Way of life

The Tyulka sardine lives in schools in brackish water and is an anadromous migratory fish . It tolerates a salinity of up to 34 ‰. It migrates between its marine fodder grounds, where it mainly resides in winter and autumn, and its breeding grounds in the lower and middle reaches of the rivers. The breeding season lasts from April to June. A female can lay up to 30,000 pelagic eggs. The brood hatches after 3 to 4 days. The Tyulka sardine feeds mainly on zooplankton ( copepods and "water fleas").

Subspecies

A distinction is made between two subspecies, which differ in terms of the length of the pectoral and ventral fins, the fins of the Caspian subspecies being shorter.

  • Clupeonella cultriventris cultriventris (Nordmann, 1840), Black and Azov Seas.
  • Clupeonella cultriventris caspia (Svetovidov, 1941), Caspian Sea.

Also Clupeonella tscharchalensis from the Charkhalsee the territory of the Urals the Black Sea sprat was formerly attributed as a subspecies.

literature

  • Fritz Terofal: Steinbach's natural guide, freshwater fish. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-4296-1
  • Peter JP Whitehead: Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalog of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies, and wolf-herrings. Part 1. Chirocentridae, Clupeidae and Pristigasteridae. FAO Species Catalog for Fishery Purposes. No. 7th FAO Rome 2005. ( PDF )

Web links

Commons : Clupeonella cultriventris  - collection of images, videos and audio files