Ultramarine hooked beak
| Ultramarine hooked beak | ||||||||||||
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Ultramarine hooked beak |
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| Diglossa glauca | ||||||||||||
| Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1876 |
The ultramarine hooked beak ( Diglossa glauca ) is a bird art from the family of tanagers (Thraupidae) in Colombia , Ecuador , Peru and Bolivia is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The ultramarine hooked beak reaches a body length of about 11 to 12 cm with a weight of about 9.5 to 13.0 g. It's a little hooked beak with golden eyes. The black beak is slightly curved upwards with a no hook at the tip of the upper beak. The male is mainly deep blue with a very tight black area on the forehead, the reins and the chin. The upper wing-coverts, flight feathers and the tail are dark with deep blue edges. The legs are dark. The female is very similar to the male, but it looks a bit more dull in color.
Behavior and nutrition
The eating habits of the ultramarine hookbeak have hardly been researched. It is believed to feed on insects, berries, and nectar . Alone or in pairs, he likes to mingle with other mixed groups, especially Schillertangaren . It prefers to eat insects, especially bromeliads and mossy branches. So he pierces the flower crowns to get the nectar. Like the indigo hookbill , it is seldom seen on flowers.
Vocalizations
When searching for food, the ultramarine hooked bill often gives off a bright, pure kiii that sounds mechanical or amphibian. Sometimes he gives this out twice, which then sounds like ti-ti-dwiir . A sharp psu is also part of his repertoire. The singing in Colombia is described as a light, thin series of Tschilpen and Quicken, which stops briefly, then accelerates and finally ends in confusion. In Peru the singing is considered variable, very high and surging, with a melancholy quality. This sounds less musical than Lieder vom Maskenhakenschnabel , but more varied than the Lied vom Silberhakenschnabel . It can also give off flat billows like the shale hookbeak . However, this description contradicts recordings from Ecuador and Peru, which sound like the call of the indigo hookbeak, but are a little shorter and less penetrating. It sounds like very high ti tones or with a moderate tempo and a slightly sloping tone like ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-ti-te-te-te-te . There may be more than one song in his repertoire.
Reproduction
Nothing is known about the breeding biology of the ultramarine hookbeak.
distribution and habitat
The ultramarine hooked beak prefers moist to wet mossy forests, such as cloud and cloud forests and the damp forest edges. It moves in Colombia at altitudes of 1400 to 2300 meters, in Ecuador mainly between 1000 and 1800 meters and in Peru between 1000 and 2300 meters. Generally it lives a little deeper than many conspecific conspecifics in its range.
migration
No reliable data is available on the migratory behavior of the ultramarine hooked bill.
Subspecies
There are two known subspecies:
- Diglossa glauca glauca Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1876 occurs in north-central Peru to is west-central Bolivia.
- Diglossa glauca tyrianthina Hellmayr , 1930 is distributed in southern Colombia, central Ecuador and the extreme north of Peru. In the subspecies, the black is more limited to the rein area.
Etymology and history of research
The first description of ultramarine hook beak was made in 1876 by Philip Sclater and Osbert Salvin under the scientific name Diglossa glauca . The type specimen was collected by Clarence Buckley (1832–) and came from Nairapi in the Yungas region in Bolivia. As early as 1832 Johann Georg Wagler introduced the new generic name Diglossa for the cinnamon-belly hooked beak ( Diglossa baritula ). This name is made up of "di-, dis, duo δι-, δις, δυο " for "double, twofold, two" and "glōssa γλωσσα " for "tongue". The species name »glauca« is derived from the Greek »glaukos γλαυκος « for »blue-gray«. "Tyrianthina" comes from the Latin "tyrianthine" or the Greek "tyrianthinos τυριανθινος " for "color between purple and violet, purple robe ".
literature
- Steven Leon Hilty in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Deep-blue Flowerpiercer (Diglossa glauca) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Philip Lutley Sclater, Osbert Salvin: Descriptions of new Birds obtained Mr. C. Buckley in Bolivia . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the Year 1876 . No. 1 , 1876, p. 253-254 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Carl Eduard Hellmayr: On two undescribed Neotropical birds . In: Novitates zoologicae: a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum . tape 35 , no. 4 , 1930, p. 265-267 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Johann Georg Wagler: Reports on some remarkable animals . In: Isis von Oken . tape 25 , 1832, pp. 275-282 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Diglossa glauca inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Accessed December 30, 2019.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Deep-blue Flowerpiercer ( Diglossa glauca ) . Accessed December 30, 2019.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of deep-blue flower piercers (Diglossa glauca) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Ultramarine hooked bill ( Diglossa glauca ) at Avibase; accessed on December 29, 2019.
- Diglossa glauca in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Accessed December 30, 2019.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Ultramarine hooked beak ( Diglossa glauca )
- Deep-blue flower piercer (Diglossa glauca) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Accessed December 30, 2019.