Indigo hookbeak
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Indigo hookbeak |
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| Diglossa indigotica | ||||||||||||
| Sclater, PL , 1856 |
The Indigo hooked beak ( Diglossa indigotica ) is a bird art from the family of tanagers (Thraupidae) in Colombia and Ecuador is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern . The species is considered to be monotypical .
features
The indigo hookbill reaches a body length of about 11 cm with a weight of about 10.5 to 18 g. It is a relatively small, short-tailed hooked beak with a short, downward-facing hook on the upper beak. The lower beak in particular is slightly curved upwards. The reins , the narrow eye area and the chin are black, the other plumage shimmers indigo blue on the top and bottom. The tail is dark, but the feathers have shimmering blue edges. The lower wing-coverts are indigo-blue, the middle and large palm-coverts are dark with strong indigo-blue borders. The flight feathers are blackish with narrow, light blue borders, the umbrella feathers are lined a little wider with turquoise blue. The iris is fiery red, the beak and legs black. It differs from the similar mask hookbill in its smaller size, shorter beak and the lack of a face mask. It differs from the silver hooked beak by its more luminous plumage. Both sexes are similar. Young animals have not yet been described.
Behavior and nutrition
The indigo hookbill feeds on nectar , berries, and small arthropods . It occurs singly or in pairs or is mixed with other tangerines of the genus Schillertangaren ( Tangara ) or Bunttangaren ( Chlorochrysa ). He is hyperactive, constantly wriggling, flapping his wings and darting along mossy twigs and interwoven tendrils, bromeliads and other epiphytes . His behavior is more reminiscent of wood warbler z. B. the genus of the wood warbler than that of other hooked beaks. Although it has been observed to pierce tubular flower crowns to get their nectar, it seems to search moss and epiphytes more often for small prey or berries.
Vocalizations
The singing of the indigo hookbill consists of light, thin tones and is reminiscent of that of the silver hookbeak. An unusual chant compared to conspecific types are extremely high- pitched , piercing and evenly distributed tones that gradually decrease and like si'si'si'i'i'i'i'ti'ti'ti'ti 'ti'ti'ti 'ti'te'te'te'i'i'i'ii'iii, iii can sound. It emits 20 to 30 or more tones in just 4.5 to 6.5 seconds. These tones have a pulse-like quality. A connection with a thin, almost tense squik, squik, squik, squik at a very specific pace cannot yet be explained.
Reproduction
The only information known about the breeding biology of the indigo hookbill is that it transported nesting material in the Valle del Cauca in Colombia in June .
distribution and habitat
The indigo hookbill prefers moist and wet mountain forests, especially cloud and cloud forests overgrown with moss and bromeliads and the damp and mossy forest edges of large secondary vegetation . It moves in Colombia at altitudes between 700 and 2000 meters. The few reports from Ecuador come from altitudes between 1600 and 2000 meters. In general, it inhabits somewhat lower altitudes than other species of this genus within its range. It occurs at the northern end of the central Andes and the Pacific slopes in the west of the Departamento de Risaralda on the Cerro Tatamá in Colombia and south to the north-west of Ecuador to the Pichincha .
migration
Little is known about the migratory behavior of the indigo hookbeak. Local hikes may occur seasonally. In an intensive study in the valley of the Río Anchicayá at an altitude of 1050 meters, it was observed almost all year round, with the exception of April and June. However, in a few months it is much more common there than in others.
Etymology and history of research
The first description of the indigo hookbeak was in 1856 by Philip Lutley Sclater under the scientific name Diglossa indigotica . The type specimen came from Ecuador and was made available to Sclater by Jules and Édouard Verreaux . As early as 1832 Johann Georg Wagler introduced the new generic name Diglossa for the cinnamon-belly hooked beak ( Diglossa baritula ). This name is made up of "di-, dis, duo δι-, δις, δυο " for "double, twofold, two" and "glōssa γλωσσα " for "tongue". The species name »indigotica« is derived from the Latin »indigoticus, indicum« or from the Greek »indikon ινδικον « for »indigo blue, indigo «.
literature
- Steven Leon Hilty in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Indigo Flowerpiercer (Diglossa indigotica) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Philip Lutley Sclater: Description of eight new species of Birds from South America . In: The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History (= 2 ). tape 17 , 1856, pp. 466-470 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Johann Georg Wagler: Reports on some remarkable animals . In: Isis von Oken . tape 25 , 1832, pp. 275-282 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Diglossa indigotica inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.3. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Indigo Flowerpiercer ( Diglossa indigotica ) . Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Indigo Flowerpiercer (Diglossa indigotica) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Indigo hookbill ( Diglossa indigotica ) at Avibase; accessed on December 28, 2019.
- Diglossa indigotica in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - indigo hookbill ( Diglossa indigotica )
- Indigo Flowerpiercer (Diglossa indigotica) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved December 28, 2019.