Schillertangaren
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| Schillertangaren | ||||||||||||
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Azure-headed tangerine ( Tangara cyanicollis ) |
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| Tangara | ||||||||||||
| Brisson , 1760 |
The Schillertangaren or real Tangaren ( Tangara ) are a genus in the family of the Tangaren whose species are common in Central and South America.
features
The Schillertangaren are colorful, sometimes complexly patterned birds. The species show considerable differences in the coloring of their plumage. The sexes are usually similar, with no clear gender dimorphism . The female birds are usually a little duller in color.
distribution
Black tangars are found in tropical and subtropical America from sea level to the tree line . One species with its subspecies occurs in the Antilles , it is the red cap tangar Tangara cucullata, which is native to St. Vincent and Grenada . Three subspecies Tangara guttata trinitatis, Tangara mexicana vieilloti and Tangara gyrola viridissima occur in the Antilles islands of Trinidad and Tobago .
Way of life
The Schillertangaren are not great singers and their repertoire only includes a few notes. They are generally quite peaceful and sociable birds. Most Schillertangars live in pairs or in small groups.
species
In the genus of the Schillertangaren there are 49–51 species, depending on the author, the genus thus includes more species than all other Neotropical genera. Certain authors still list the species Tangara brasiliensis individually, although it has been newly classified as one of the subspecies of Tangara mexicana and is now known as the Scientific Name Tangara mexicana brasiliensis . Other authors still mention Tangara cyanomelas as a separate species, although this has also been considered a subspecies of Tangara velia for a long time and now bears the scientific name Tangara velia cyanomelas .
The 49 species with their 110 subspecies are also divided into black-capped, speckled, blue and orange-headed species, depending on the author:
- The black- capped include the silver tangerine Tangara viridicollis , green- throated tangerine Tangara argyrofenges , Heine-Tangare Tangara heinei and the very rare Sira-Tangare Tangara phillipsi .
- The speckled tangerines include the drop tangerine Tangara guttata , the yellow-bellied tangerine Tangara xanthogastra and the thrush tangerine Tangara punctata .
- The blue-headed tanagers include the black-breasted tangerine Tangara nigrocincta , purple- masked tangerine Tangara larvata , azure-headed tangerine Tangara cyanicollis and the black-necked tangerine Tangara labradorides .
- The orange-headed shimmering tangars include the black-coat tangar Tangara peruviana , green-cap tangar Tangara meyerdeschauenseei , red-headed tangar Tangara vitriolina and the Isabel tangar Tangara cayana .
According to the IOC World Bird List 3.3, the following species are recognized:
- Azure-headed tangar ( Tangara cyanicollis ) ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1837)
- Blue beard tangar ( Tangara johannae ) ( Dalmas , 1900)
- Blue- breasted tangar ( Tangara cyanoventris ) ( Vieillot , 1819)
- Blue-winged tangerine ( Tangara argentea ) ( Lafresnaye , 1843)
- Blue-capped tangar ( Tangara cyanocephala ) ( Statius Müller , 1776)
- Cabanistangare ( Tangara cabanisi ) ( Sclater, PL , 1868)
- Tri- colored tangare ( Tangara seledon ) ( Statius Müller , 1776)
- Thrushing tangar ( Tangara punctata ) ( Linnaeus , 1766)
- Spotted Tangare ( Tangara guttata ) ( Cabanis , 1851)
- Yellow-bellied tangerine ( Tangara xanthogastra ) ( Sclater, PL , 1851)
- Yellow-headed Tangare ( Tangara xanthocephala ) ( Tschudi , 1844)
- Glanzfleckentangare ( Tangara dowii ) ( Salvin , 1863)
- Gold-breasted tangar ( Tangara schrankii ) ( Spix , 1825)
- Golden-necked tangar ( Tangara ruficervix ) ( Prévost & Des Murs , 1846)
- Golden-eared tangar ( Tangara chrysotis ) ( Du Bus de Gisignies , 1846)
- Golden tangar ( Tangara arthus ) Lesson , 1832
- Green-capped tangar (Tangara meyerdeschauenseei) Schulenberg & Binford , 1985
- Grünkehltangare ( Tangara argyrofenges ) ( Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1876)
- Green-necked tangar ( Tangara fucosa ) Nelson , 1912
- Green tangar ( Tangara gyrola ) ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Heinetangare ( Tangara heinei ) ( Cabanis , 1850)
- Isabel tangar ( Tangara cayana ) ( Linnaeus , 1766)
- Chestnut- winged tangar ( Tangara lavinia ) ( Cassin , 1858)
- Opal-crowned tangar ( Tangara callophrys ) ( Cabanis , 1848)
- Orange breasted tangar ( Tangara desmaresti ) ( Vieillot , 1819)
- Palm tangar ( Tangara palmeri ) ( Hellmayr , 1909)
- Prachttangare ( Tangara preciosa ) ( Cabanis , 1850)
- Purple masked tangare ( Tangara larvata ) ( Du Bus de Gisignies , 1846)
- Rust-throated tangar ( Tangara rufigula ) ( Bonaparte , 1851)
- Red-bellied tangerine ( Tangara velia ) ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Red cap tangar ( Tangara cucullata ) ( Swainson , 1834)
- Red-headed tangar ( Tangara vitriolina ) ( Cabanis , 1850)
- Red- forehead tangare ( Tangara parzudakii ) ( Afresnaye , 1843)
- Red- cheeked tangare ( Tangara rufigenis ) ( Sclater, PL , 1857)
- Plain tangar ( Tangara inornata ) ( Gould , 1855)
- Black-breasted Tangare ( Tangara nigrocincta ) ( Bonaparte , 1838)
- Black- coated tangar ( Tangara peruviana ) ( Desmarest , 1806)
- Black-necked tangar ( Tangara labradorides ) ( Boissonneau , 1840)
- Seven-color tangar ( Tangara chilensis ) ( Vigors , 1832)
- Silver- browed tangar ( Tangara cyanotis ) ( Sclater, PL , 1858)
- Silver- spotted tangar ( Tangara nigroviridis ) ( Lafresnaye , 1843)
- Silver- throated tangar ( Tangara icterocephala ) ( Bonaparte , 1851)
- Silbertangare ( Tangara viridicollis ) ( Taczanowski , 1884)
- Siratangare ( Tangara phillipsi ) Graves, GR & Weske , 1987
- Emerald Tangare ( Tangara florida ) ( Sclater, PL & Salvin , 1869)
- Spotted tangerine ( Tangara varia ) ( Statius Müller , 1776)
- Turquoise Tangare ( Tangara mexicana ) ( Linnaeus , 1766)
- Vassoritangare ( Tangara vassorii ) ( Boissonneau , 1840)
- Multi-colored tangar ( Tangara fastuosa ) ( Lesson , 1831)
From the dissolved genus Thraupis , the following were added:
- Bishop Tangare ( Tangara episcopus ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Blauflecktangare ( Tangara glaucocolpa ( Cabanis , 1851))
- Sayacatangare ( Tangara sayaca ( Linnaeus , 1766))
- Violet-shouldered tangar ( Tangara cyanoptera ( Vieillot , 1817))
- Schmucktangare ( Tangara ornata ( Sparrman , 1789))
- Palmtangare ( Tangara palmarun ( zu Wied-Neuwied , 1821))
literature
- Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, David A. Christie : Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 16.
Individual evidence
- Jump up ↑ Robert S. Ridgely, Guy Tudor, William Liddle Brown: The Oscine Passerines: Jays and Swallows, Wrens, Thrushes, and Allies, Vireos and Wood-Warblers, Tanagers, Icterids, and Finches. University of Texas Press, 1989, ISBN 978-0-292-70756-6 , p. 233
- ↑ a b c Kevin J. Burnsa, Kazuya Naoki: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of Neotropical tanagers in the genus Tangara. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32, 2004, pp. 838–854 ( Online ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice .; PDF; 846 kB)
- ^ IOC World Bird List 3.3 Tanagers, Cardinals and allies ( Memento of April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
Web links
- Tangara in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved May 25, 2013.
- LSU Museum of Natural Science, Louisiana
- Birdlife