Cinnamon belly hookbill

Cinnamon belly hookbill
	Cinnamon-bellied hookbeak ( Diglossa baritula ) in Oaxaca , Mexico
Systematics
Order :	Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination :	Songbirds (passeri)
Family :	Tangaren (Thraupidae)
Subfamily :	Diglossinae
Genre :	Hooked beaks ( diglossa )
Type :	Cinnamon belly hookbill
Scientific name
	Diglossa baritula
	Wagler , 1832

The cinnamon-bellied flowerpiercer ( Diglossa baritula ) is a bird art of the family of the hook beaks ( Diglossa ) from the family of tanagers (Thraupidae). The species occurs in Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras and El Salvador . On April 22, 1983, an animal was first discovered in Nicaragua, which may just be a stray bird. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

Cinnamon belly hookbill

The cinnamon belly hookbill reaches a body length of about 10.5 to 12 centimeters. The upper beak has a hook-shaped tip that is bent downwards. The black, narrow bill is slightly curved and pale pink at the base. The legs are dark pink. The head and the top of the male are adorned with a slate-colored blue-gray, whereby the hue on the head is a little darker. The chin and the upper part of the throat are blue-gray. The underside is cinnamon colored. In contrast to the male, the female is grayish olive on the top and head. The wings and tail are a bit darker with paler wing bands. The throat, chest and flanks are colored ashen, cinnamon, with the chest showing fuzzy dark stripes. The belly is cinnamon colored.

Fledglings are similar to adults, but the head and top of the female offspring are brownish olive to olive, with the wings and tail being darker. Wing bindings and umbrella feathers are lined with a light cinnamon color. The lemon colored throat and chest appear dirty, with the chest also showing fuzzy dark streaks. The belly and the underside of the tail are yellowish brown. The dark flanks look washed out.

behavior

One color hookbills are usually seen alone or in groups with a few birds. Among the plants that they fly to food intake, include morning glories , lobelia and the Black mouth plants belonging Leandra . They are extremely busy and flutter around all the time. When they sing you can see them practically in all strata . They build their nests in the deep bushes to form a thick calyx, which mainly consists of moss, pine needles and root fibers. Here they lay two to three light blue eggs with brown and gray speckles or spots.

distribution and habitat

The birds occur in semi-open areas overgrown by herbs with moist to semi-arid forests overgrown with swamp oaks and evergreens, as well as in flower gardens. Here they move at heights between 1,200 and 3,500 meters.

Subspecies

The species is divided into the following subspecies:

Diglossa baritula baritula Wagler , 1832 - the nominate form , occurs in the high plains of Mexico in the states of Jalisco , Guanajuato , Hidalgo and Veracruz south of the isthmus of Tehuantepec .
Diglossa baritula montana Dearborn , 1907 - Occurs in the high altitudes of southern Mexico in the state of Chiapas via Guatemala with the exception of the Sierra de las Minas as far as El Salvador. In contrast to the nominate form, the entire throat is blue-gray and the underside a little darker.
Diglossa baritula parva Griscom , 1932 - Is found in the plateaus in eastern Guatemala in the Sierra de las Minas as far as Honduras a. a. the Francisco Morazán Department disseminated. The subspecies has a darker head and the cinnamon-colored underside looks more intense. The beak, wings and tail are a little shorter.

There used to be an opinion in science that the single-color hooked beak ( Diglossa plumbea ) found in Costa Rica and Panama was another subspecies. Mitochondrial DNA investigations showed that they form a sister group together with the monochrome hooked beak and the rust-bellied hooked beak ( Diglossa sittoides ). Earlier allopatric studies came to the same conclusion that D. baritula , D. plumbae and D. sttoides form a superspecies .

etymology

The generic name is derived from the Greek dis , di- (= two) and glossa (= tongue) and refers to the typical U-shaped tongue of this genus. The word "baritula" derives from the Greek word "baritēs (βαρίτης G)," a small unknown bird from the Dionysos reported that he was not with a lime sticks is to catch. The »montana« in the subspecies has its origin in the Latin word »montanus« for »mountain«. Finally, “parva” is derived from the Latin word “parvus” and means “small”.

literature

Steve NG Howell, Sophie Webb: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0 .
James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
Juan Carlos Martínez-Sánchez: Records of New or Little Known Birds for Nicaragua . In: The Condor . tape 91 , no. 2 , 1989, pp. 468–469 ( online (PDF file; 189 kB) [accessed June 18, 2011]).
Shannon J. Hackett: Molecular Systematics and Zoogeography of Flower Piercers in the Diglossa baritula Complex . In: The Auk . tape 112 , no. 1 , 1995, p. 156–170 ( online (PDF file; 1008 kB) [accessed June 18, 2011]).
Jorge E. Schondube, Carlos Martínez Del Rio: The Flowerpiercers' Hook: An Experimental Test of an Evolutionary Trade-Off . In: Proceedings: Biological Sciences . tape 270 , no. 1511 , 2003, p. 195-198 , PMC 1691227 (free full text).
François Vuilleumier: Systematics and evolution in Diglossa (Aves, Coerebidae) . In: American Museum novitates . No. 2381 , 1969, p. 195–198 ( online (PDF file; 3.45 MB) [accessed June 18, 2011]).
Ned Dearborn: Catalog of a collection of birds from Guatemala . In: Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History - Ornithological series . tape 1 , no. 3 , 1907, pp. 69-138 ( online [accessed June 18, 2011]).
Ludlow Griscom: New Birds from Honduras and Mexico . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 13 , 1932, p. 55-62 .
Hugh C. Land: A Collection of Birds from the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala . In: The Wilson Bulletin . tape 74 , no. 3 , 1962, pp. 267–283 ( online (PDF file; 1019 kB) [accessed June 18, 2011]).