Rust-bellied hookbeak

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Rust-bellied hookbeak
Rust-bellied hookbeak illustrated by Édouard Traviès

Rust-bellied hookbeak illustrated by Édouard Traviès

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Family : Tangaren (Thraupidae)
Subfamily : Diglossinae
Genre : Hooked beaks ( diglossa )
Type : Rust-bellied hookbeak
Scientific name
Diglossa sittoides
( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838)

The Ferruginous hooked beak ( Diglossa sittoides ) is a bird art from the family of tanagers (Thraupidae). The species has a large range that includes the South American countries Argentina , Bolivia , Peru , Ecuador , Colombia and Venezuela . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The rust-bellied hookbill reaches a body length of about 11.5 to 12 centimeters with a weight of about 9 grams. The upturned black beak has a hook-shaped tip. The upper side of the male is gray-blue. Depending on the subspecies, it has a more or less pronounced black face mask. The underside is cinnamon brown. There is a strong gender dimorphism . The top of the female is light olive brown. The underside is adorned with a light, dirty yellow-brown. There are fuzzy dark streaks on the chest.

distribution and habitat

The rust-bellied hookbill is usually found in the dense lower stratification layers of the subtropics at altitudes between 800 and 2500 meters. It can be found on bushy forest edges, coffee plantations, flowering undergrowth or hedges in open areas of inhabited areas. One meets in not in fully developed forests.

behavior

Usually this steel hookbeak is seen alone or in pairs. It is only mistakenly mixed with other species. When looking for nectar, its beak pierces flower crowns. It also hunts smaller insects in flight. He tries to defend his territory with the flowers he prefers. However, he often has to leave the field to larger hookbills or hummingbirds. He then takes refuge in the thicket or leaves the area. The bird roams through relatively large areas. Unlike other larger members of the species, it hardly feeds on fruits. Its nest is a deep calyx in which it lays two gray to blue eggs with small gray spots.

Subspecies

Six subspecies are described, which differ mainly in their coloration and their range:

  • Diglossa sittoides sittoides ( Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1838) - nominate form , was first described under the name Serrirostrum sittoides . Found in the northwest of Argentina in the provinces Salta , Jujuy ( Departamento Valle Grande ), Tucumán and in Bolivia in Yungas .
  • Diglossa sittoides dorbignyi ( Boissonneau , 1840) - present on the eastern slopes of the western Andes and on both slopes of the central and eastern Colombia. Widespread in Venezuela in the western mountains of the states of Lara , Táchira and Mérida .
  • Diglossa sittoides hyperythra Cabanis , 1850 - Found in northeast Colombia in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and in the coastal areas of Venezuela from Yaracuy to Miranda .
  • Diglossa sittoides coelestis Phelps & WH Phelps Jr , 1953 - Occurrence only in the extreme west of Venezuela in the Sierra de Perijá .
  • Diglossa sittoides decorata Zimmer , 1930 - Found on both slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. Most often in present in the province of Loja . In Peru on the western slopes down to the province of Lima , on the eastern slopes also to the south. You can also see him on both slopes of the Marañón Valley.
  • Diglossa sittoides mandeli Blake , 1940- Only known from Mount Turumiquire in the state of Sucre .

In the past, Diglossa sittoides was regarded as conspecific with the cinnamon belly hooked bill ( Diglossa baritula ) and the monochrome hooked bill ( Diglossa plumbea ). Today they are considered a monophyletic group.

literature

  • Thomas Schulenberg, Douglas F. Stotz, Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru , Princeton University Press, 2007, p. 580, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1
  • Robert S. Ridgely , Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide. Volume 1, Cornell University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-8014-8720-0 , pp. 715f.
  • Robert S. Ridgely, Paul J. Greenfield: Birds of Ecuador Field Guide , Vol. 2, Cornell University Press, 2001, pp. 622f, ISBN 978-0-8014-8721-7
  • Steven L. Hilty, William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia , Princeton University Press, 1986, pp. 594f, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee, William H. Phelps , Guy Tudor : A Guide to the Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 1992, ISBN 978-0-691-08205-9 , p. 330.
  • Steven L. Hilty , John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor: Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2002, pp. 785f, ISBN 978-0-691-09250-8 .
  • François Vuilleumier: Systematics and evolution in Diglossa (Aves, Coerebidae) American Museum novitates, Vol. 2381, 1969

Web links

Commons : Rustbelly Hooked Beak ( Diglossa sittoides )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Diglossa sittoides in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2010.
  2. ^ Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne p. 5 Oiseaux nouveaux ou peu connus de Santa-Fé de Bogota Uncirostrum d'Orbignyi (French)
  3. ↑ Field Museum of Natural History Vol 24 No 14, 1940 pp. 155–157 A new venezuelan honey creeper Diglossa baritula mandeli (English; PDF; 765 kB)
  4. ^ South American Classification Committee 53. Diglossa sittoides (Eng.)
  5. ↑ American Museum novitates No. 2381 Systematics and Evolution in Diglossa (Aves, Coerebidae) (English; PDF; 3.6 MB)