Ungurmuiža

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Ungurmuiža Manor 2010

The Ungurmuiža Manor , also known as Orellen Manor , is located in the Gauja National Park in the Pārgaujas novads district , Raiskums municipality in Latvia . In 1732 the Russian major general Balthasar Campenhausen began building the manor house in the baroque style , which was gradually supplemented by various manor buildings. Today there is a museum in the manor house, and other outbuildings are also used for tourism.

history

14th to early 18th century

View of the Ungurmuiža Manor in 1794

The area was first mentioned in 1399 in documents from Archbishop Johannes von Wallenrode , to whose property it belonged. It is said that 19 Urele settlements are owned by the Rozula Castle. At that time Urele referred to the castle area of ​​the first landowner. In 1451 the land including the property is sold to Kersten von Rosen. Twelve years later, in 1463, Unguri Barthold Rostherwe bought it from him for 600 marks. His daughter was a married Ungern and brought the farm into the marriage as an inheritance. This gave the estate the name Ungurmuiža (Ungern Castle), which is still in use today.

In 1683, Colonel Heinrich von Wolffenschild owned the estate, after which it passed through different hands.

Until the beginning of the 18th century, the manor's buildings were built around a square courtyard.

Letter of purchase from B. Campenhausen for the Orellen and Kudum estates, 1728

Owned by the Campenhausen family from 1728–1939

On August 15, 1728, Balthasar Campenhausen (admitted to the Swedish baron class in 1744 with the approval of the Tsar) bought the property from General Ludwig Nicolas von Hallard for 7,700 thalers and had the manor house that still exists today built by 1732. Since shortly after the Great Northern War it was forbidden to erect stone buildings outside of Saint Petersburg , Campenhausen resorted to wood for the baroque construction.

Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf was a guest at Gut Orellen as early as 1736 .

Over the years, the family added Camphausen the estate among other things, a granary (1738), a barn (1750, burned down in 1880), a tea house in the chinoiserie style, a country park and a family burial ground. In the second half of the 19th century the farm buildings were moved outside the courtyard. A new stable, a cattle shed, a farmhand and other farm houses were built around a pond. The old farm buildings were demolished.

Wall painting (Russian) grenadier

An important detail from this period are the wall paintings by the master painter Georg Dietrich Hinsch from Limbaži . They show, among other things, sheep with their shepherds and trees. On the upper floor, which was expanded in the 1850s, two grenadiers with the facial features of Peter the Great keep watch to the left and right of the bedroom. This shows the Campenhausen's gratitude that he had survived the battle of Poltava in 1709 thanks to two grenadiers.

The last major renovation work by the Campenhausen family took place around 1910. In this case, spaces were reclassified (for example, was prepared from the dining room , the family room and the room structure) is partially modified. The state of preservation of the house was very good at that time. During the First World War the administrators Otto von Strandmann and after him Herbert von Blanckenhagen took care of the estate. Blanckenhagen was expelled from the house by local Bolsheviks in the summer of 1917. The servant Reakst became director of the estate administration and the estate was used as a military camp. There was severe damage to the house and looting, including by residents from the area.

In the spring of 1930, the Campenhausen family planned to set up a children's holiday home on their estate. The hopes of additional financial income were dashed because of the lack of permits, as it was not possible to find safe drinking water despite several boreholes.

Salon in the Ungurmuiža mansion, early 20th century

As part of the Latvian agrarian reform, the Campenhausen family also lost property in 1920. After the conclusion of the Hitler-Stalin Pact in 1939, the Campenhausen and the last remaining Germans were resettled in the Reichsgau Wartheland (former Prussian province of Posen ). From there they fled to the West at the end of the war in January 1945.

From 1939 to the present

During the Second World War , soldiers caused major damage to the house and furnishings. The von Campenhausen family was able to save part of the inventory by taking it with them when they moved out in 1939. The planks of the walls with the wall paintings were partly removed and used as construction timber, partly painted over. In 1952/53 a school was set up in the manor house. Wall paintings still preserved were protected from further destruction with Plexiglas plates.

In the seventies of the twentieth century, the art historians Ieva and Imants Lancmanis began restoring Ungurmuiža. In 2000, the Swedish and Latvian governments donated a total of 250,000 lats (around 360,000 euros) for further restoration, which is still ongoing.

Today Ungurmuiža is owned by the Raiskums municipality, the museum is managed by the Ungurmuiža Association.

Representatives of the Campenhausen family visit their former family home regularly, ownership claims are no longer made.

literature

Web links

Commons : Ungurmuiža Manor  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information on pilis.lv ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed September 24, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pilis.lv
  2. ↑ Gut Orellen - a place of baroque peace after devastating slaughter , article on lettische-presseschau.de of August 9, 2012, accessed on September 24, 2012
  3. ↑ Pictures Chronicle of the family v. Ungern-Sternberg , From the Swedish Time - Family Book 1875 - Volume 1; Retrieved September 27, 2012
  4. ^ Heinrich von Hagemeister : Materials for a History of the Livonia Estates , Volumes 1–2, Eduard Franzen's Buchhandlung, Riga, 1836.
  5. ↑ information on ambermarks.com , accessed on September 24, 2012
  6. ↑ Otto Teigeler: The Moravians in Russia. Aim, scope and yield of their activities , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, 2006, p. 142.
  7. ↑ Ruth Slenczka: The "Murren" of Hans Freiherr von Campenhausen , Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, 2005.

Coordinates: 57 ° 21 ′ 45 ″  N , 25 ° 5 ′ 19 ″  E