United Nations operation in Mozambique
ONUMOZ | |
---|---|
operation area | Mozambique |
German name | United Nations operation in Mozambique |
English name | United Nations Operations in Mozambique |
French name | Opération des Nations Unies au Mozambique |
Based on UN resolution | 782 (October 13, 1992) |
Type of mission | Peace mission |
Beginning | December 1992 |
The End | December 1994 |
management | Aldo Ajello ( Italy ) |
Deaths | 26th |
costs | US $ 492.6 million (gross) |
Location of the operational area |
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The Opération des Nations Unies au Mozambique (German Operation of the United Nations in Mozambique , ONUMOZ ), a UN peace mission , was launched on October 13, 1992 ( UN Security Council resolution 782 ) to implement the "General Peace Agreement", which was closed and signed by the President of Mozambique , Joaquim Chissano and the President of the Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (Renamo), Afonso Dhlakama .
tasks
The mandate included the implementation of the agreement: monitoring the armistice and the withdrawal of foreign troops, securing the transport corridors and providing technical assistance as well as monitoring the later elections . ONUMOZ was in use from December 1992 to December 1994 (effective until the end of January 1995).
The main effective tasks of ONUMOZ were
- the collection of 155,000 weapons and the demobilization of 76,000 of the actually 360,000 fighters in 49 collection points, which initially met with almost insurmountable distrust of the fighters on all sides. Only a trip by the UN Secretary General in October 1993 and a further resolution by the UN Security Council (Security Council resolution 882 (1993)) resolved this blockade.
- the formation of the Mozambican Defense Forces , which began on July 22, 1993 and which integrated 10,000 fighters from the civil war forces on both sides.
- the preparation of the elections, for which the first drafts were submitted on March 26, 1993, which immediately stalled political negotiations. Only after the visit of the UN Secretary General in October 1993 and some follow-up negotiations did the negotiation process move forward, so that on January 12, 1994 the new electoral law came into force.
- clearing the transport routes of mines .
- securing, and in some cases also carrying out, the repatriation of the 3.7 million refugees , of which only 1.7 million could be brought to their villages by the UN refugee organization UNHCR , which was by far their largest project. In addition, three million displaced persons had to be returned to their places of origin. This part of the humanitarian program cost US $ 616 million.
- the performance of police tasks after troop demobilization ( UN Security Council resolution 898 (1994) )
- the observation of the elections. In October 1994 the agreed elections were held and on 8/9. December the new parliament and the new president, Joaquim Alberto Chissano, were introduced into their offices. The ONUMOZ's mandate was thus fulfilled and at the same time expired.
The mandate, excluding humanitarian aid, cost US $ 492.6 million.
Personnel and losses
staff
ONUMOZ had an authorized strength of:
- 6,625 Troops and Troop Support (maximum strength: 6,576 on November 30, 1993; 3,941 on November 30, 1994)
- 354 military observers (204 on November 30, 1994)
- 1,144 civilian police officers (max strength: 1,087 on October 30, 1994)
- 355 UN employees
- 506 local employees
- 900 election observers
losses
- 23 soldiers
- 2 policemen
- 1 international civil servant
guide
Special Representative of the Secretary General and Chief of Mission
Surname | nationality | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aldo Ajello |
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Oct 1992 | Dec 1994 | until March 1993 interim |
Force Commander
No. | Surname | nationality | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Major General Lélio Gonçalves Rodrigues da Silva |
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Feb. 1993 | Feb 1994 | |
2. | Major General Mohammad Abdus Salam |
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March 1994 | Dec 1994 |
Police Commisioner
Surname | nationality | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brigadier General Ali Mahmoud |
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March 1994 | Dec 1994 |
literature
- Marie-Luise Pförtner: UN peace-building: aspiration and reality using the example of Mozambique . Studies on international politics, Deutscher Universitäts-Verlag, Wiesbaden, 1st edition 2000, ISBN 3824444364 .
- Richard Synge: Mozambique: UN peacekeeping in action, 1992–94 . US Institute of Peace Press, 1997, ISBN 978-1-878379-70-2 .
Web links
- United Nations: ONUMOZ Mission (English)