United Nations Mission in Liberia

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
UNMIL
operation area Liberia
German name United Nations Mission in Liberia
English name United Nations Mission in Liberia
French name Mission des Nations unies au Libéria
Spanish name Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Liberia
Based on UN resolution 1509 (September 19, 2003)
Other UN resolutions 2116 (September 18, 2013)
Beginning September 2003
The End March 2018
management Moustapha Soumaré, Louis M. Aucoin ( Ellen Margrethe Løj ( Denmark ) until 01/2012)
Operating strength (min.) 15,160 military personnel, 250 military observers, 1,115 civilian members
Operating strength (max.) 15,250 military personnel, 1,375 civilian personnel
Military out BangladeshBangladesh BeninBenin BoliviaBolivia BrazilBrazil BulgariaBulgaria China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China CroatiaCroatia DenmarkDenmark GermanyGermany EcuadorEcuador EgyptEgypt

EthiopiaEthiopia FinlandFinland FranceFrance GambiaGambia GhanaGhana IndonesiaIndonesia JordanJordan KenyaKenya KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan Korea SouthSouth Korea North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia MalaysiaMalaysia MontenegroMontenegro NamibiaNamibia NepalNepal NigerNiger NigeriaNigeria PakistanPakistan ParaguayParaguay PeruPeru PhilippinesPhilippines PolandPoland RomaniaRomania RussiaRussia ZambiaZambia SenegalSenegal SerbiaSerbia ZimbabweZimbabwe TogoTogo UkraineUkraine United StatesUnited States

Police off ArgentinaArgentina BangladeshBangladesh Bosnia and HerzegovinaBosnia and Herzegovina BrazilBrazil China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China EgyptEgypt El SalvadorEl Salvador FijiFiji GambiaGambia GermanyGermany GhanaGhana IndonesiaIndonesia YemenYemen JordanJordan KenyaKenya KyrgyzstanKyrgyzstan LithuaniaLithuania NamibiaNamibia NepalNepal NigeriaNigeria NorwayNorway PakistanPakistan PhilippinesPhilippinesPolandPoland RussiaRussia RwandaRwanda ZambiaZambia SerbiaSerbia Sri LankaSri Lanka SwedenSweden SwitzerlandSwitzerland ThailandThailand TurkeyTurkey UgandaUganda UkraineUkraine United StatesUnited States UruguayUruguay ZimbabweZimbabwe
Deaths 200 (as of May 31, 2017)
costs US $ 476,329,800 (July 1, 2013 - June 30, 2014)
Location of the operational area LocationLiberia.svg

The United Nations Mission in Liberia ( UNMIL ) was that of 2003 continued through 2018 Peace Mission United Nations in Liberia .

background

Liberia's President Charles Taylor resigned from his post on August 11, 2003 , due to international pressure and because the civil war parties fighting against him now controlled a large part of the country and went into exile in Nigeria . A peacekeeping force from the West African Economic Community ECOWAS and a small contingent from the United States Marine Corps were temporarily stationed in the country.

tasks

The Resolution 1509 of the UN Security Council , adopted on 19 September 2003, created the legal basis for the mission UNMIL, which is to ensure security in Liberia until the restoration of constitutional order. The troop strength was set at 15,000 soldiers and 1,115 police officers. The effective strength in December 2004 was 14,541 soldiers.

The mission is to enable the refugees to return and to disarm the various rebel groups. To this end, it is supposed to coordinate the reconstruction of state institutions and the economy shattered by the civil war.

With Resolution 2116 of the UN Security Council of September 18, 2013, the mandate was redefined and extended until September 30, 2014.

The mission's mandate expired for the last time on March 30, 2018. The mission has been completed.

course

The mission began on October 1, 2003. About 3,600 soldiers from ECOWAS were taken over. Head of the mission with the title of Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations was initially Jacques Paul Klein (USA), until the British Alan Doss took over the management of UNMIL from July 20, 2005 to mid-January 2008. The successor is the Danish Ellen Margrethe Løj, former ambassador of her country to the United Nations (UN) and chairwoman of the UN Sanctions Committee for Liberia. Since February 1, 2012, the mission has been led by Moustapha Soumaré (Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Recovery and Governance) and Louis M. Aucoin (Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Rule of Law).

Of the approximately 330,000 Liberians who fled to neighboring countries, around 114,000 had returned by April 2005. In addition, the number of internally displaced persons was estimated at 450,000, of whom over a third were able to return to their hometowns or were resettled.

Presidential elections were held on October 11, 2005. Since none of the candidates achieved an absolute majority, a second ballot between the two best-placed candidates, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and George Weah , was necessary on November 8, 2005, in which the former prevailed. The interim President Gyude Bryant , who had been in office since October 2005 , was replaced in January 2006: Johnson-Sirleaf became the first female head of state in Africa.

In November 2005, the UN Security Council authorized UNMIL to arrest former President Taylor and transfer him to the Special Court for Sierra Leone in Freetown in case he should return to Liberia. Taylor was arrested on March 29, 2006 while leaving his exile in Nigeria on the border with Cameroon and imprisoned in Sierra Leone. For security reasons, the process was moved to the Netherlands and officially opened on June 4, 2007. On April 26, 2012, the judges found him guilty. Taylor is the first African head of state to be held accountable for war crimes by an international tribunal.

States involved

A total of 49 countries are participating in the mission, including

Force Commander

No. Surname nationality Beginning of the appointment End of appointment Remarks
1. Lieutenant General Daniel Opande KenyaKenya Kenya  Oct 2003  Dec 2005 Previously also Force Commander UNAMSIL
2. Lieutenant General Chikadibia Obiakor NigeriaNigeria Nigeria  Dec 2005  Oct 2008 Previously already ECOMOG brigade commander
3. Lieutenant General ATM Zahirul Alam BangladeshBangladesh Bangladesh  Oct 2008  Oct 2009
4th Lieutenant General Sikander Afzal PakistanPakistan Pakistan  Oct 2009  Nov 2010
5. Major General Muhammad Khalid PakistanPakistan Pakistan  Nov 2010  Nov. 2012
6th Major General Leonard Muriuki Ngondi KenyaKenya Kenya  Nov. 2012  Feb. 2015 Later also Force Commander UNAMID
7th Major General Salihu Zaway Uba NigeriaNigeria Nigeria  Feb. 2015 March 2018

German participation

From May 1, 2005 to August 1, 2007, a THW team was responsible for the maintenance and repair of the generators of the UN peacekeeping force, thereby ensuring the power supply for the peacekeeping mission.

Up to five German police officers have been on site since November 2004 and support the reconstruction of Liberian police forces with democratic standards.

On May 21, 2015, the Bundestag passed a mandate that allows up to five Bundeswehr soldiers to participate in the mission. The mandate ends on December 31, 2016. On May 27, 2015, Brigadier General Dirk Faust took over the post of Deputy Force Commander for twelve months. He is supported by two other German officers at the multinational UN headquarters.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ UNMIL Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 14, 2018 .
  2. ↑ (4) Fatalities by Mission and Incident Type. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 4, 2017 ; accessed on January 16, 2019 .
  3. ↑ UNMIL completes its mandate in a now peaceful Liberia. Retrieved January 16, 2019 .
  4. ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTS LIEUTENANT-GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE OF KENYA AS FORCE COMMANDER OF UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN LIBERIA. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, September 30, 2003, accessed March 22, 2018 .
  5. ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTS LIEUTENANT GENERAL CHIKADIBIA ISAAC OBIAKOR OF NIGERIA FORCE COMMANDER OF LIBERIA MISSION. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, December 5, 2005, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  6. ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL INTENDS TO APPOINT LIEUTENANT GENERAL ATM ZAHIRUL ALAM OF BANGLADESH FORCE COMMANDER OF UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN LIBERIA. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 17, 2008, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  7. ^ Secretary-General Appoints Lieutenant General Sikander Afzal of Pakistan as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 23, 2009, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  8. ^ Secretary-General Appoints Major General Muhammad Khalid of Pakistan as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 13, 2010, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  9. ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTMENTS Secretary-General Appoints Major General Salihu Zaway Uba of Nigeria as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. United Nations, January 9, 2015, accessed March 22, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Liberia 2005 - 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2015 .
  11. ^ The Federal Police: United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 23, 2015 ; accessed on June 23, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bundespolizei.de
  12. ↑ Bundestag resolves to participate in UNMIL. Retrieved June 23, 2015 .