University of al-Qarawīyīn

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جامعة القرويين
University of al-Qarawīyīn
founding 859 (as madrasa )
Sponsorship state
place Fes , Morocco
Al-Qarawīyīn University courtyard
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The University of al-Qarawīyīn ( Arabic جامعة القرويين jāmiʿat al-qarawīyīn , DMG Ǧāmiʿat al-Qarawiyyīn ; Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵕⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ) is the University of Fez in Morocco . It was founded as a madrasa in859. In 1957 it was founded as a university .

Many scholars have studied in Fez and influenced the intellectual and academic history of the Islamic world. These include Abu Abdullah as-Sati , Abu l-Abbas az-Zuwawi , Ibn Ruschaid as-Sabti (-721 AH / 1321), Ibn al-Hajj al-Fasi (-737 AH / 1336), Abu Madhab al-Fasi , a leading theoretician of the Maliki school of law ; and Leo Africanus , a traveler and geographer of Berber descent.

The university also played an important role in the cultural and academic relations between the Islamic world and Europe in the Middle Ages . The cartographer al-Idrisi , whose maps were used by European explorers during the Renaissance , lived in Fez.

history

The mosque was founded in 859 by Fatima al-Fihri , daughter of the wealthy merchant Mohammed Al-Fihri. She had vowed to use all of her inheritance to build a mosque for her community (who immigrated from Kairuan in the early 9th century ).

The Koran school came under the patronage of the powerful sultans . She collected a large selection of manuscripts that were kept in a library donated by the Merinid Sultan Abū āInān Fāris in 1349. Among the most valuable manuscripts are some volumes of the famous Muwaṭṭʾa by Mālik ibn Anas , written on parchment in 1108 , an incomplete copy of Ibn Isḥāq's biography of the prophets , several copies of the Koran donated to the university by Sultan Aḥmad al-Manṣūr adh-Dhāhabī in 1602, and an autograph of Ibn Chaldūn's Islamic World History Al-ʿIbar , with his personal dedication in favor of the library.

The mosque soon developed into a place for religious instruction and political discussion that slowly broadened the field of its subjects, especially the natural sciences . In 1957, King Mohammed V introduced mathematics , physics , chemistry and foreign languages. Today, in addition to the Koran and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), grammar , rhetoric , logic , medicine , mathematics, astronomy , chemistry, history , geography and music are taught.

World record

According to the Guinness Book of Records , this is the oldest educational institution in the world still in existence, which has made it an object of investigation for the longevity of strong institutions in terms of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

See also

Web links

Commons : Al-Qarawīyīn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ www.guinnessworldrecords.com Guinness World Records: Oldest university (Engl.). Accessed January 20, 2014.
  2. ^ Frederic Hanusch, Frank Biermann: Deep-time organizations. Learning institutional longevity from history . In: The Anthropocene Review . tape 7 , no. 1 , November 10, 2019, p. 19-41 , doi : 10.1177 / 2053019619886670 .

Coordinates: 34 ° 3 '52 "  N , 4 ° 58' 24"  W.