Unterregenbach
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Unterregenbach
City of Langenburg
Coordinates: 49 ° 16 ′ 30 " N , 9 ° 49 ′ 56" E
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| Height : | approx. 294 m above sea level NHN |
| Postal code : | 74595 |
| Area code : | 07905 |
 Unterregenbach
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Unterregenbach is a hamlet in the small town of Langenburg in the Baden-Württemberg district of Schwäbisch Hall and is located in Hohenlohe on the left bank of the Jagst .
history
The first traces of human settlement efforts are dated to the late Celtic La Tène period . This was followed by a gap in the population up to the 8th century, which has not yet been tapped. In Franconian times there was apparently a mansion with a wall and ditch fortified mansion with a small hall church and farm yard in Unterregenbach. Between 980 and 1020 a three-aisled church with a hall crypt was built under the east transept, which presumably brought the place supraregional importance. This great basilica was probably donated by the Swabian ducal house, because Empress Gisela gave away parts of her Unterregenbach property in 1033 as inheritance from her second marriage with Ernst I of Swabia to the bishopric of Würzburg . Findings and old market law indicate a place of pilgrimage that probably held this function until the first half of the 15th century. Theories that the Great Basilica was a monastery church, on the other hand, cannot be archaeologically substantiated, as there are no cloister and farm buildings. It can be assumed that it was the church of a monastery. The large church fell victim to a fire and was only partially rebuilt afterwards. In the middle of the 11th century, building activity started again in Unterregenbach, and the oldest small hall church was replaced by a three-aisled building. In addition, a new and larger residential tower was built. In the years after 1200, the reduced basilica was completely demolished. In the winter of 2020, the Unterregenbach Archaeological Riddle Foundation was founded to further clarify the history of the place and its significance. It is believed that the place lost in importance when the Unterregenbach family of noble free moved their seat from Unterregenbach to the strategically more favorable long mountain , today's Langenburg, before 1200 . Subsequently, the family named themselves after their seat. The castle and town of Langenburg were first mentioned in 1226 as Langenberg Castrum et oppidum in a document from the Bishop of Würzburg. The small basilica then became a parish church, as can be seen in a document by Walther von Langenberg from 1226. The former manor was subsequently transformed into a farm, around which 25 Köblers (= agricultural day laborers without their own property) settled until the 16th century.
In 1581 the parish church got its present appearance. If it was previously consecrated to St. Mary, in 1487 it was consecrated to St. Vitus. The patrons were the von Langenburg and then the Hohenloher family . Unterregenbach remained an insignificant hamlet in the following years, but it still had market rights until around 1700. The parish Unterregenbach received Oberregenbach in 1579. Both places have always belonged to Langenburg, but have remained their own parish and parish to this day, which also belonged to the Langenburg church district until the merger with the Blaufelden church district. The Unterregenbach parish also looks after the neighboring parish of Eberbach (Mulfingen parish).
Attractions
The covered wooden bridge over the Jagst is 60 m long and 4.75 m wide. It was built in 1821/22 to save pedestrians and horse-drawn carts the detour via Oberregenbach during floods. After almost 100 years of use, the bridge threatened to collapse at the beginning of the 20th century because heavy carts had placed too much stress on the structure. However, local carpenters repaired the bridge. Towards the end of the Second World War, advancing American soldiers caused severe damage to the bridge, so that a comprehensive renovation took place in 1958, during which the entire wooden structure was renewed and the load-bearing capacity was increased to 9 t.
The excavation museum in the old school house shows finds and documentation of the excavations in Unterregenbach. In the basement of today's rectory, the crypt of the Regenbach basilica from Ottonian times is freely accessible. The floor plan of the Carolingian hall church can still be seen under the floor of the village church. Inside the church, parts of the rising masonry of the Small Basilica from the 11th century can be seen.
literature
- Eugen Gradmann: the Regenbach riddle. In: Württembergische Vierteljahrshefte für Landesgeschichte Stuttgart XXV. Verlag W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1916, pp. 1-46 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
- Günter Fehring : Unterregenbach. Churches. Manor house. Settlement areas. The investigations of the years 1960–1963 with a preliminary report on the excavations of the years 1964–1968 (= research and reports of the archeology of the Middle Ages in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 1) Müller & Gräff, Stuttgart 1972.
- Günter Stachel: Unterregenbach. Research results 1960–1988. Tiemann Graphic Hohenlohe, Künzelsau 2006.
- Helmut Haberkamm , Annalena Weber: Small collection of Franconian villages. ars vivendi Verlag, Cadolzburg 2018, ISBN 978-3-86913-990-6 , pp. 186–203.
Web links
- Reconstruction drawing of the great basilica by Wolfgang Braun
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hartmut Schäfer , Günter Stachel: Unterregenbach. Archaeological research 1960–1988. Society for Prehistory and Early History in Württemberg and Hohenzollern, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-927714-01-1 ( Archaeological information from Baden-Württemberg . 9) p. 14.
- ↑ Sebastian Unbehauen: Riddle from Unterregenbach: Christian Neuber donates 200,000 euros ; in: Südwestpresse online edition March 7, 2020 - accessed on March 22, see [1]
- ^ Yvonne Tscherwitschke: Further research into the riddle of the Unterregenbach crypt: Foundation established ; in: Heilbronn Voice - online edition March 15, 2020 - accessed on March 22, 2020, see [2]
- ^ Evangelisch-in-hohenlohe.de: The Protestant City Church Langenburg ( Memento from October 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ kobler, köbler. In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm (Hrsg.): German dictionary . tape 11 : K - (V). S. Hirzel, Leipzig 1873, Sp. 1547 ( woerterbuchnetz.de ).
- ↑ museen-in-hohenlohe-franken.de: LANGENBURG- UNTERREGENBACH, excavation museum and crypt
- ^ Friedrich Standfuss, Joachim Naumann: Bridges in Germany for roads and ways. The photo book of German bridging art. Deutscher Bundes-Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-935064-41-1 . P. 36.
- ^ Working group museums and castles Hohenlohe-Franken e. V .: Hohenlohe-Franconia, museums, castles, sights. (PDF; 2.9 MB).