VBZ Be 4/6 (Mirage)
| Be 4/6 "Mirage" | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Numbering: | 1601–1690 1691–1726 («Blind Cow») |
| Number: | 90 railcars with driver's cab 36 driven cars without driver's cab ("blind cow") |
| Manufacturer: |
SIG , SWS (wagon construction part) MFO , BBC , Sécheron (electrical part) |
| Year of construction (s): | 1966–1968 1968–1969 ("Blind Cow") |
| Retirement: | 2006- |
| Axis formula : | Bo'2'Bo ' |
| Gauge : | 1000 mm ( meter gauge ) |
| Length over coupling: | 20,900 mm |
| Height: | 3680 mm |
| Width: | 2200 mm |
| Empty mass: | 25.8 t 23.3 t ("blind cow") |
| Top speed: | 95 km / h |
| Hourly output : | 4 × 75 kW = 300 kW |
| Power system : | 600 V DC |
| Power transmission: | Overhead line |
| Train control : | Integra «train stop» (coaches 1648–1676) |
| Operating mode: | Unidirectional locomotive |
| Coupling type: | + GF + |
| Gradient: | 39% |
| Seats: | 43 to 47 47 ("blind cow") |
| Standing room: | 122 - 128 125 ("blind cow") |
Be 4/6 1601–1726 is the type designation for an articulated multiple unit series of the Zurich tram . The vehicles procured by the Zurich Transport Authority (VBZ) are also known by the nickname “Mirage”.
Overview
The nickname "Mirage" came about because, similar to the Mirage fighter aircraft of the Swiss Army, which were procured at the same time as the first car (1968), there was an overrun. Also for this reason, after 90 ordinary railcars, the last 36 railcars without a driver's cab were procured; these so-called guided motor vehicles (recovery vehicles ) can only be used as rear vehicles in double traction . These vehicles were given the nickname “blind cow” because they originally had no front light .
Based on the experience with the two prototypes Be 6/6 1801 (with two joints) and 1802 (with one joint), a vehicle with two joints was ordered to avoid crossings in tight curves. Since a vehicle with a trailer on mountain routes such as line 13 ( Albisgüetli ) or 7 (Central - Weinbergstrasse) did not provide sufficient acceleration, a decision was made in favor of a three-part railcar with four powered and two running axles, which operate both individually and in multiple control could.
The first and third external storage bogies are each driven by two 75 kW motors, while the second running bogie is mounted in the middle under the second, short segment of the car body . This construction enables narrow arcs to be negotiated without the need for a vehicle gauge that is too large .
business
“Mirage” railcars can be used individually or as a double traction with a second “Mirage” or “blind cow” car. In 1966, with the delivery of the first railcars, double traction was introduced in Zurich on lines 2, 7, 13 and 14.
The first 76 railcars were delivered with a conductor's cabin. With the changeover to self-service in 1969, this became obsolete and from number 1677 the “Mirage” railcars and all “Blind Kuh” railcars were delivered without them. The existing conductor cabins were expanded in the following years. This increased the original number of seats from 43 to 47 for numbers 1601–1660 and from 39 to 43 for numbers 1661–1676.
Until the 1980s, the VBZ trams were sometimes shortened to a single multiple unit in the marginal hours in the evening and on Sundays and public holidays. For the journeys to, from and in the depot (so-called maneuvering operations), the railcars at the rear, the blind cows at the front and at the rear, each had an auxiliary driver's cab. From 1978 onwards, the blind cows at the front received a front light and a windscreen wiper for these trips, which meant that the nickname blind was no longer justified.
From 1976 onwards, due to the delivery of the new “Tram 2000” series , the “Mirage” multiple units were also used on line 11 and as individual multiple units on lines 5, 6, 8 and 15. In addition, 1978–1987 a total of 25 railcars (1601–1605 and 1671–1690) were retrofitted for use with sidecar B4 of the Swiss standard design (747, 765–768, 770, 787–800) with sockets for electrical and air couplings. These trains ran on lines 3 and 4.
29 railcars (1648–1676) were retrofitted between 1985 and 1990 with the Integra line block protection system “Zugstop” (new name ZST 90 ) for use in the tram tunnel to Schwamendingen for operation on line 7.
Last years of operation
In the 2007 timetable year, the vehicles were still used on lines 2 (double traction), 4 (with sidecar), 7 (double traction), in the form of eight railcars with sidecar and thirteen double traction. Due to the progressive delivery of the Be 5/6 “Cobra”, the vehicles have been continuously removed from the portfolio of the Zurich Transport Authority since the end of 2007.
In December 2007, the operation with sidecars on line 4 ended, as did most of the driver's cabless vehicles. Only two recovery vehicles in a Euro 2008 special paint remained in use until mid-2008 and two other recovery vehicles with passenger counting devices until mid-2009.
Between mid-2008 and the end of 2008, the maintenance was rationalized, the number of maintenance locations decreased from three (Depots Hard, Irchel and Kalkbreite) to only one location (Depot Kalkbreite). For this purpose, from mid-2008, all “Mirages” were continuously withdrawn from line 7 (Irchel maintenance site); When the timetable changed in December 2008, the maintenance wing in the Hard depot was closed and the maintenance of line 13 was relocated to the Kalkbreite depot.
In mid-2009, the single species operation with «Mirage» ended on line 2, while the vehicles were completely withdrawn from line 13 by the end of the year. As of the beginning of 2010, almost half of the courses on line 2 with “Mirage” operated in double traction, while the solo cars on line 8 still provided the majority of the courses. With the commissioning of the last outstanding “Cobra” at the end of May 2010, the remaining “Mirage” were taken out of regular service on June 30, 2010; a good dozen vehicles remain in the VBZ's inventory as an emergency reserve.
Depending on their condition, the discarded vehicles were either given to the Vinnytsia tram in Ukraine or scrapped. The program financed by the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) brought a total of 45 railcars and three railcars to Vinnytsia by mid-2010, the Zurich in April 2008 (five railcars and two railcars), in October 2008 (ten railcars and one railcar), in October 2009 (14 railcars) and in March 2010 (16 railcars). One last delivery of twelve Mirage railcars and spare parts left Zurich on 23/24. November 2011 for the transport to Vinnytsia.
Reactivation in 2019
In order to ease the vehicle bottleneck after the extension of lines 2 and 8, one of the two Be 4/6 (railcars 1674 and 1675) kept in a museum in Zurich came from Monday to Friday in the evening rush hour as an additional course on the line 8 is used. The second car then ran as the standard route on line 17 from September 2, 2019. Since November 25, 2019, both have been running regularly as a double unit on line 13.
photos
Driver's cab-less drive car Be 4/6 "Blind cow"
Interior of a «Mirage»
Driver's cab of a "Mirage"
Inventory board Be 4/6 1605
Inventory board Be 4/6 1627 (from Vinnytsia)
Inventory board Be 4-6 1675
Converted Be 4/6 in Vinnytsia with extended horns on the pantograph, more spacious rearview mirror, additional indicators and digital destination display
Revisions
The list of revisions contains a series of tables showing when the individual Mirage wagons carried out their revisions at the VBZ central workshop in Zurich. The list is sorted by wagon number. It starts with Be 4/6 1601 and ends with Be 4/6 1726.
Most of the revision tables have numbers indicating what kind of revision they have carried out, for example only bogies or technical inspection and in which month and in which year it was carried out.
1.1 = bogies only
1.2 = bogies, doors, chopper, paint and main switch
2.0 = total revision (all parts are renewed)
RA = R evision with Neu a nstrich / R evision- A uslauf
RS = technical control
SK = S ecurity C ontrol
| Wagon number | Commissioning: | 1st revision | 2nd revision | 3rd revision | 4th revision | 5th revision | 6th revision | 7th revision |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1601 | March 1966 | 1.2 July. 1972 | 2.0 Oct. 1978 | 1.2 June. 1983 | 2.0 Aug 1987 | 1.2 Oct. 1993 | 1.2 Oct. 1999 | SK April. 2007 |
| 1602 | March 1966 | 1.2 April. 1971 | June 2.0. 1976 | 1.2 July. 1982 | 2.0 Oct. 1987 | 1.2 Nov. 1993 | 1.2 Nov. 1999 | SK June. 2007 |
| 1603 | April 1966 | 1.2 Aug 1972 | 2.0 April. 1976 | 1.2 Aug 1982 | 2.0 Nov. 1987 | 1.2 Dec. 1993 | 1.2 Nov. 1999 | SK July. 2007 |
| 1604 | May 1966 | 1.2 Sept. 1971 | 2.0 Feb. 1977 | 1.2 Sept. 1982 | 2.0 Dec 1987 | February 1, 1994 | 1.1 May. 2000 | |
| 1605 | May 1966 | 1.2 June. 1971 | 2.0 Nov. 1976 | 2.0 Oct. 1982 | 1.2 July. 1987 | 2.0 March. 1993 | 1.2 Dec 1999 | SK May. 2007 |
| 1606 | June 1966 | 1.2 Oct. 1971 | 2.0 Sept. 1976 | 2.0 Nov. 1982 | 1.2 Dec. 1988 | 2.0 Jan. 1994 | 1.2 Sept. 2000 | |
| 1608 | July 1966 | 1.2 Nov. 1971 | 2.0 March. 1977 | 2.0 Dec. 1982 | 1.2 Aug. 1988 | 2.0 March. 1994 | 1.2 April. 2000 | |
| 1609 | August 1966 | 1.2 Dec 1971 | 2.0 May. 1977 | 2.0 Jan. 1983 | 1.2 Oct. 1988 | 2.0 March. 1994 | 1.2 June. 2000 | SK May. 2007 |
| 1610 | August 1966 | 1.2 Jan. 1972 | June 2.0. 1977 | February 2.0, 1983 | 1.2 Dec. 1988 | 2.0 April. 1994 | 1.2 July. 2000 | |
| 1611 | August 1966 | 1.2 Jan. 1972 | 2.0 Aug 1977 | 1.2 July. 1983 | 2.0 Jan. 1989 | 1.2 March. 1995 | 1.1 Dec 2001 | |
| 1612 | September 1966 | February 1, 1972 | 1.2 Dec 1977 | 2.0 March. 1983 | February 1, 1989 | 2.0 May. 1994 | 1.2 April. 2001 | |
| 1613 | September 1966 | 1.2 Dec 1971 | 2.0 Dec. 1976 | 1.2 Jan. 1983 | 2.0 Feb. 1989 | February 1, 1995 | 1.1 Jan. 2002 | |
| 1614 | October 1966 | 1.2 March. 1972 | 1.2 July. 1977 | 2.0 April. 1983 | 1.2 Jan. 1989 | 2.0 Nov. 1994 | 1.2 Jan. 2000 | |
| 1615 | October 1966 | 1.2 March. 1972 | 2.0 Nov 1977 | 1.2 Aug 1983 | 2.0 Nov. 1988 | 1.2 March. 1994 | 1.1 Nov 2001 | |
| 1616 | November 1966 | 1.2 April. 1972 | 1.2 Sept. 1977 | 2.0 Sept. 1982 | 1.2 April. 1989 | 2.0 Aug 1994 | 1.2 May. 2001 | |
| 1618 | December 1966 | 1.2 April. 1972 | 1.2 Aug 1977 | 2.0 July. 1983 | 1.2 June. 1989 | 2.0 July. 1994 | 1.2 Jan. 2001 | |
| 1619 | May 1966 | 1.2 March. 1972 | 2.0 Oct. 1977 | 1.2 Oct. 1983 | 2.0 March. 1989 | 1.2 April. 1995 | 1.1 Nov 2001 | |
| 1620 | May 1966 | 1.2 May. 1972 | 1.2 Nov 1977 | 2.0 Aug 1983 | 1.2 July. 1989 | 2.0 Dec. 1994 | 1.2 Oct. 2000 | |
| 1622 | June 1966 | 1.2 June. 1972 | 2.0 Aug 1976 | February 1, 1983 | 2.0 May. 1989 | 1.2 May. 1995 | SK Sept 2001 | |
| 1623 | July 1966 | 1.2 Sept. 1971 | 2.0 Oct. 1976 | 1.2 March. 1983 | June 2.0. 1989 | 1.2 June. 1995 | 1.1 March. 2002 | |
| 1626 | August 1966 | 1.2 Aug 1972 | 2.0 Sept. 1978 | 1.2 Jan. 1984 | 2.0 Sept. 1989 | 1.2 Sept. 1995 | SK Oct 2001 | RS Dec. 2002 |
| 1627 | September 1966 | 1.2 Sept. 1972 | 2.0 April. 1978 | February 1, 1984 | 2.0 Feb. 1990 | 1.2 Sept. 1995 | 1.1 June. 2001 | |
| 1628 | September 1966 | 1.2 Oct. 1972 | 2.0 May. 1976 | 1.2 May. 1983 | 2.0 Dec 1989 | 1.2 Oct. 1995 | 1.1 Aug 2001 | |
| 1629 | October 1966 | 1.2 Sept. 1972 | 2.0 Aug 1978 | 1.2 March. 1984 | 2.0 Jan. 1990 | 1.2 Nov. 1995 | RS Jan. 2003 | |
| 1630 | November 1966 | 1.2 Nov. 1972 | 1.2 April. 1978 | 2.0 Sept. 1983 | 1.2 Oct. 1989 | 2.0 July. 1995 | 1.2 June. 2002 | |
| 1631 | November 1966 | 1.2 Nov. 1972 | 1.2 June. 1978 | 2.0 Nov. 1983 | 1.2 Nov. 1989 | 2.0 Aug 1995 | 1.2 March 2001 | |
| 1632 | December 1966 | 1.2 Dec. 1972 | 2.0 Jan. 1978 | 1.2 April. 1984 | 2.0 Nov. 1989 | 1.2 Dec 1995 | 1.1 April. 2002 | |
| 1633 | December 1966 | 1.2 Jan. 1973 | 1.2 Oct. 1978 | 2.0 Jan. 1984 | 1.2 Dec 1989 | 2.0 Oct. 1995 | 1.2 Aug 2001 | |
| 1634 | January 1967 | 1.2 Jan. 1973 | February 2.0, 1979 | 1.2 May. 1984 | 2.0 April. 1990 | 1.2 Jan. 1996 | 1.1 May. 2002 | |
| 1635 | January 1967 | February 1, 1973 | June 2.0. 1979 | 1.2 June. 1984 | 2.0 March. 1990 | 1.2 February 1996 | 1.1 June. 2002 | |
| 1636 | February 1967 | 1.2 Dec. 1972 | 2.0 March. 1978 | 1.2 July. 1984 | 2.0 July. 1990 | 1.2 March. 1996 | 1.1 June. 2002 | |
| 1637 | February 1967 | February 1, 1973 | 2.0 Dec. 1978 | 1.2 Aug. 1984 | 2.0 Aug 1990 | 1.2 April. 1996 | 1.1 July. 2002 | |
| 1638 | March 1967 | 1.2 March. 1973 | 2.0 Nov 1978 | 1.2 Sept. 1984 | 2.0 Jan. 1991 | 1.2 May. 1996 | 1.1 Aug 2002 | |
| 1639 | March 1967 | 1.2 Oct. 1972 | 1.2 Aug 1978 | 2.0 Feb. 1984 | 1.2 Jan. 1990 | 2.0 Dec 1996 | 1.2 Sept. 2001 | |
| 1640 | April 1967 | 1.2 March. 1973 | 2.0 July. 1979 | 1.2 Nov. 1984 | 2.0 April. 1991 | February 1, 1998 | RS Jan. 2004 | |
| 1642 | May 1967 | 1.2 April. 1973 | 1.2 July. 1979 | 2.0 Aug 1984 | 1.2 June. 1990 | 2.0 April. 1996 | 1.2 Aug 2002 | |
| 1646 | July 1967 | 1.2 June. 1973 | 2.0 Feb. 1980 | February 1, 1985 | 2.0 Dec. 1990 | 1.2 Jan. 1997 | RS July. 2003 | |
| 1647 | December 1966 | 1.2 Aug 1972 | 1.2 Jan. 1978 | 2.0 Dec. 1983 | 1.2 Oct. 1990 | 2.0 Sept. 1996 | 1.2 June. 2002 | |
| 1648 | January 1967 | 1.2 Sept. 1972 | 1.2 March. 1978 | 2.0 April. 1984 | 1.2 March. 1991 | 2.0 Oct. 1996 | 1.2 Sept. 2002 | |
| 1649 | January 1967 | 1.2 Sept. 1972 | 2.0 July. 1978 | 1.2 Oct. 1984 | 2.0 May. 1990 | 1.2 Dec 1996 | RS March. 2003 | |
| 1650 | February 1967 | 1.2 Oct. 1972 | 1.2 Sept. 1978 | 2.0 May. 1984 | 1.2 April. 1990 | 2.0 Nov. 1996 | 1.2 Oct. 2002 | |
| 1651 | March 1967 | 1.2 Oct. 1972 | June 2.0. 1978 | 1.2 March. 1985 | 2.0 Sept. 1990 | 1.2 Nov. 1996 | RS March. 2003 | |
| 1652 | March 1967 | 1.2 Nov. 1972 | 1.2 July. 1978 | 2.0 Sept. 1984 | 1.2 Aug 1990 | 2.0 Dec 1996 | RS Oct. 2003 | |
| 1653 | April 1967 | 1.2 Dec. 1972 | February 1, 1978 | 2.0 Oct. 1984 | 1.2 Sept. 1990 | 2.0 Jan. 1997 | RS June. 2003 | |
| 1655 | May 1967 | February 1, 1973 | 2.0 May. 1979 | 1.2 April. 1985 | 2.0 March. 1991 | February 1, 1997 | RS Nov 2003 | |
| 1656 | May 1967 | 1.2 April. 1973 | 1.2 Nov 1978 | 2.0 Jan. 1985 | 1.2 Jan. 1991 | June 2.0. 1997 | RA April. 2005 | |
| 1657 | June 1967 | 1.2 May. 1973 | 2.0 Sept. 1980 | 1.2 May. 1985 | 2.0 May. 1991 | 1.2 March. 1997 | RS May. 2003 | |
| 1658 | July 1967 | 1.2 Jan. 1973 | 1.2 Oct. 1979 | 2.0 March. 1985 | 1.2 Sept. 1990 | 2.0 March. 1997 | RA Nov. 2004 | |
| 1659 | July 1967 | 1.2 June. 1973 | 1.2 March. 1979 | 2.0 April. 1985 | February 1, 1991 | 2.0 May. 1997 | RA April. 2007 | |
| 1660 | August 1967 | 1.2 July. 1973 | 2.0 Oct. 1980 | 1.2 June. 1985 | 2.0 Oct. 1991 | 1.2 Sept. 1996 | RS Sept. 2003 | |
| 1662 | September 1967 | 1.2 March. 1973 | February 1, 1979 | June 2.0. 1985 | 1.2 Aug 1991 | 2.0 April. 1997 | RS April. 2003 | |
| 1663 | September 1967 | 1.2 Aug 1973 | 1.2 Dec 1978 | 2.0 July. 1985 | 1.2 July. 1991 | 2.0 Aug 1997 | RS Aug 2003 | |
| 1664 | October 1967 | 1.2 Sept 1973 | 1.2 May. 1980 | 2.0 Aug 1985 | 1.2 Sept. 1991 | 2.0 Sept 1997 | RA February 2005 | |
| 1665 | October 1967 | 1.2 Sept 1973 | 1.2 Oct. 1978 | 2.0 Sept 1985 | February 1, 1992 | 2.0 Jan. 1998 | RA Aug. 2005 | |
| 1666 | November 1967 | 1.2 April. 1973 | 1.2 April. 1980 | 2.0 Dec 1985 | 1.2 Dec. 1991 | 2.0 Nov 1997 | RA May. 2004 | |
| 1668 | January 1968 | 1.2 Oct 1973 | 1.2 Nov. 1979 | 2.0 Feb 1985 | 1.2 March. 1992 | 2.0 Feb. 1998 | RA June. 2006 | |
| 1669 | January 1968 | 1.2 Nov 1973 | 1.2 Aug 1980 | 2.0 Nov 1985 | 1.2 Nov 1991 | 2.0 Sept 1997 | RA July. 2004 | |
| 1671 | March 1968 | 1.2 Dec 1973 | 1.2 June. 1980 | 2.0 Aug 1986 | 1.2 May. 1992 | 2.0 April. 1998 | RA Oct. 2005 | |
| 1672 | March 1968 | 1.2 July. 1973 | 1.2 Sept. 1980 | 2.0 March. 1986 | 1.2 July. 1992 | 2.0 Aug 1998 | RA Sept. 2004 | |
| 1673 | April 1968 | 1.2 July. 1973 | 2.0 Nov. 1979 | 1.2 July. 1985 | 2.0 July. 1991 | 1.2 Sept 1997 | RA Jan. 2006 | |
| 1674 | May 1968 | 1.2 Aug 1973 | 1.2 July. 1980 | 2.0 May. 1986 | 1.2 Aug 1992 | June 2.0. 1998 | RA Aug. 2006 | 1.5 Feb. 2019 |
| 1675 | May 1968 | 1.2 Aug 1973 | 1.2 Aug 1979 | 2.0 July. 1986 | 1.2 Sept. 1992 | 2.0 Sept 1998 | RA Oct. 2007 | |
| 1676 | June 1968 | 1.2 Aug 1973 | 1.2 Nov. 1979 | 2.0 May. 1986 | 1.2 Nov. 1992 | 2.0 Nov. 1998 | RA July. 2007 | |
| 1677 | September 1967 | 1.2 Sept 1973 | 1.2 April. 1979 | 2.0 Sept. 1986 | 1.2 Oct. 1992 | 2.0 Feb. 1999 | RA Oct. 2007 | |
| 1678 | September 1967 | 1.2 Sept 1973 | 2.0 March. 1979 | 1.2 Sept 1985 | 2.0 Aug 1991 | 1.2 May. 1997 | RA March. 2006 | |
| 1679 | October 1967 | 1.2 Oct 1973 | 2.0 March. 1979 | 1.2 Sept 1985 | 2.0 Jan. 1992 | 1.2 April. 1998 | RA Jan. 2007 | |
| 1680 | October 1967 | 1.2 Oct 1973 | 2.0 Oct. 1979 | 1.2 Oct 1985 | June 2.0. 1991 | 1.2 Nov 1997 | RS June. 2003 | |
| 1681 | November 1967 | 1.2 Nov 1973 | 1.2 Jan. 1979 | February 2.0, 1986 | 1.2 Dec 1992 | 2.0 March. 1999 | RA February 2007 | |
| 1682 | November 1967 | 1.2 Dec 1973 | 2.0 Sept. 1979 | 1.2 Dec 1985 | 2.0 Feb. 1992 | 1.2 March. 1998 | RA Nov. 2006 | |
| 1683 | December 1967 | 1.2 March. 1974 | 2.0 Nov. 1980 | 1.2 March. 1986 | 2.0 April. 1992 | 1.2 May. 1998 | SK March. 2005 | RA July. 2007 |
| 1684 | January 1968 | 1.2 Dec 1973 | 2.0 Aug 1979 | 1.2 April. 1986 | 2.0 May. 1992 | 1.2 July. 1998 | RA May. 2006 | |
| 1685 | January 1968 | 1.2 Jan. 1974 | 2.0 Aug 1980 | 1.2 Jan. 1986 | 2.0 May. 1992 | 1.2 Aug 1998 | RA June. 2007 | |
| 1687 | March 1968 | 1.2 March. 1974 | 2.0 April. 1980 | 1.2 May. 1986 | June 2.0. 1992 | 1.2 February 1999 | SK Nov 2007 | |
| 1689 | April 1968 | 1.2 March. 1974 | June 2.0. 1980 | 1.2 Aug 1986 | 2.0 Nov. 1992 | 1.2 Nov. 1998 | SK Dec. 2007 | |
| 1704 | July 1969 | February 1, 1975 | 2.0 Feb. 1981 | 1.2 Feb. 1988 | ||||
| 1715 | January 1969 | 1.2 Sept. 1974 | 2.0 May. 1980 | 1.2 Sept. 1988 | 1.2 Aug. 1994 | 1.1 May. 2000 | ||
| 1717 | February 1969 | 1.2 Oct. 1974 | 1.2 Dec. 1980 | 2.0 March. 1987 | 1.2 July. 1993 | 1.1 Nov 1999 | SK Sept 2007 | |
| 1718 | March 1969 | 1.2 July. 1974 | 1.2 March. 1981 | 2.0 May. 1987 | 1.2 Aug. 1993 | 1.1 Feb. 2000 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Peter Kamm: Zurich Transport 1882–1996. Oberstalden GL 1996, pp. 62-63.
- ↑ a b VBZ: Adieu Mirage - An era is coming to an end . Media release by the Department of Industrial Companies, Zurich, June 29, 2010 [1]
- ^ Walter Trüb, Josef Balen, Peter Kamm: A century of Zurich trams. Orell Füssli 1982, p. 102., ISBN 3-280-013232
- ↑ a b VBZ: Company history [2]
- ↑ Last ride of the Mirage tram. Retirement after 40 years on Zurich's rails . Online on Neue Zürcher Zeitung from June 24, 2010.
- ↑ Project description "Zurich Trams for Vinnitsa" from SECO (PDF; 83 kB)
- ↑ Peter Specker, Marcel Manhart: Another 12 VBZ Mirage for Vinnitsa . Report on the removal of the 12 Mirages from December 21, 2011, accessed on October 16, 2018.
- ↑ Daniela Tobler: Additional course on Line 8 from February 25, 2019 . Media release of the City of Zurich of January 29, 2019, accessed on June 15, 2019.
- ↑ Bottleneck on the Zurich trams: VBZ cancel line 17 , article from October 21, 2019 on toponline.ch, accessed on October 23, 2019