Dassault Mirage
Mirage ( French for mirage , mirage ) is the name of various military aircraft of the French aircraft manufacturer Dassault Aviation , which are placed in service since the 1961st
Versions
Mirage III
This variant, also known as the classic Mirage , was built in 32 sub-variants and still fulfills important tasks as an interceptor and as a multi-purpose fighter .
- Technical data Mirage III C
- Type: single-seat all-weather interceptor
- Propulsion: a SNECMA Atar 09B-3 turbojet engine with 5979 kp (58.66 kN) thrust , with afterburner
- Flight performance: maximum speed 2400 km / h or Mach 2.2; Range 1200 km (648 NM)
- Dimensions: wingspan 8.22 m (26.969 ft); Length 14.80 m (48,556 ft); Elevation 4,300 m (14,108 ft)
- Wing area: 34.8 m² (374,587 sqft)
- Weight: empty: 6240 kg (13,759.2 lbs); Max. Takeoff weight 11,500 kg (25,357.5 lbs)
- Summit altitude: 18,000 m (59,055 ft)
- Climbing performance: max. 66.00 m / s (12,992.13 ft / min)
- Wing loading : 330.00 kg / m² (67.65 lbs / ft2)
- Armament: two 30 mm DEFA 552 cannons and two AIM9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles as well as a Matra R.530 were possible, with an additional 1800 kg bomb load.
Users: Abu Dhabi , Argentina , Australia , Brazil , France , Israel , Lebanon , Pakistan , Switzerland (until 2003), Spain , South Africa , Venezuela
Mirage 5
In the mid-1960s, at the request of Israel, Dassault developed a simplified Mirage III for daylight ground combat. The result was the basic version of the Mirage 5 , in which radar equipment was dispensed with. For political reasons, however, the machines were not delivered to Israel and taken over by the French Air Force. The company Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) subsequently developed the Mirage derivative Nesher , which later formed the basis for the Kfir fighter-bomber .
The progressive miniaturization of electronic components later made it possible to retrofit radar devices, which made the Mirage 5 a fully functional all-weather combat aircraft. The Mirage 5 used in France, however, only had a simple EMD-AIDA distance measuring radar. However, some export machines were also delivered with the Cyrano II radar.
The Mirage 50 is a Mirage 5 version with a more powerful Atar 9K-50 . The same drive is also used for the Mirage 3NG and Mirage 50M variants . These two types also have a number of sophisticated electronic and aerodynamic special developments such as rigid duck slats.
Users : Abu Dhabi , Egypt , Belgium , Chile , France , Gabon , Colombia , Libya , Pakistan , Peru , Venezuela , Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mirage IV
At about the same time as the Mirage III, the Mirage IV, a good one and a half times as long, was developed for the French nuclear force Force de frappe and put into service in 1964.
- Technical specifications
- Type: two-seat strategic bomber
- Propulsion: two turbojet engines SNECMA Atar 9K with 7000 kp each
- Flight performance: maximum speed 2340 km / h; Service ceiling 20,000 m; Range 1240 km
- Dimensions: wingspan 11.98 m; Length 23.5 m; Height 5.4 m
- Weight: empty: 14,500 kg; laden: 33,475 kg
- Armament: a CEA AN-22 nuclear bomb with 60 kilotons of explosive power or external loads of up to 7257 kg at stations
User: France
Mirage F1
The Mirage F1 is a further development of the Mirage III with swept wings instead of delta wings and a separate tail fin. The first units went into service in 1973. Numerous machines were later exported abroad. The model has a two-channel fly-by-wire control for all three axes with additional mechanical backup and automatic safety check.
- Technical specifications
- Type: a single seat fighter pilot
- Propulsion: a SNECMA Atar 9K50 engine with 70.21 kN thrust
- Flight performance: maximum speed (sea level): 1450 km / h; Maximum speed (12,000 m): 2350 km / h; Max. Rate of climb (near the ground): 213 m / s; Range: 1290 km; Max. Altitude: 20,000 m
- Dimensions: length: 15.23 m; Wingspan: 8.44 m (9.32 m with Magic missiles at the wing ends); Height: 4.50 m; Wing area: 25.0 m²
- Weight: Empty weight: 7450 kg; Max. Takeoff weight: 16,200 kg
- Armament: two 30 mm DEFA533 cannons with 125 rounds each and up to 4000 kg additional weapons at wing stations and under the fuselage
Users: France , Ecuador , Greece , Iraq , Iran , Jordan , Kuwait , Libya , Morocco , Qatar , Spain , South Africa .
Mirage G
This group comprised four nuclear weapons-compatible prototypes of multi- role fighter aircraft with swivel wings .
Mirage 2000
The Mirage 2000 can be seen as the successor to the Mirage III and the Mirage 5. It has variably curved delta wings to increase its top speed to Mach 2.35. The prototype first flew on March 10, 1978, the first series aircraft in mid-1982. In the same year, the first export orders (from Egypt and India) were placed. The model was designed primarily for high interception speeds and reaches Mach 2 at an altitude of 15,000 meters four minutes after take-off.
The Mirage 2000 may not have the maneuverability of the F-16 , but the tail-finless delta configuration makes it the master of high-speed fighters at high altitudes.
With systems as advanced as quadruple redundant fly-by-wire control and aerodynamic instability, the Mirage 2000 has excellent hand-to-hand combat capabilities. If necessary, the pilot can “pull up” up to 13.5 g without damaging the machine. Her acceleration is excellent and she can turn very quickly at high speeds. It carries two guns and two air-to-air missiles for the basic interception mission .
Variants of the single-seat Mirage 2000 include the 2000C1 , a conventional ground attack aircraft, the 2000B , a two-seat trainer , the 2000N , which carries nuclear weapons with deep-level attack capabilities , and the reconnaissance model 2000R .
During the NATO operation Deliberate Force on August 30, 1995, a Mirage 2000K was shot down by a Bosnian-Serbian anti-aircraft missile southeast of Pale in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The pilots survived through the rescue seats.
- Technical specifications
- Type: Interceptor / Air Superiority Fighter
- Propulsion: a SNECMA M53-P2 turbofan engine with 9700 kg of thrust
- Flight performance: top speed at high altitude Mach 2.2; Low flight speed: 1100 km / h; Service ceiling 18,300 m
- Dimensions: span 9.0 m; Length 14.36 m; Height 5,3 m; Wing area 41 m²
- Weight: empty: 7636 kg; loaded: 11,760 kg
- Armament: two 30 mm DEFA 554 guns with 125 rpg; two Matra Super 530D and two AAM air-to-air missiles Matra R.550 Magic
Users: France , Egypt , Greece , India , Peru and United Arab Emirates
Mirage 2000N
Another application of Dassault's Delta Principle is the Mirage 2000N, whose main task is low-level flight operations, both with a range of conventional weapons ( bombs , cluster bombs or cluster bombs ) as well as with tactical nuclear weapons . In this last role, a 2000N carries one of the two known airborne nuclear bombs in France, the CEA AN-52 . This free-falling bomb in a conventional shape with cross-shaped tail fins has an explosive force of between 14 and 18 kilotons. In a nuclear attack mission, it would be hung at a station in the center under the fuselage. The 2000N is configured to carry the medium-range air-to-ground missiles ASMP .
- Technical specifications
- Type: two-seat nuclear / conventional fighter-bomber
- Propulsion: a SNECMA M53 turbojet engine with 9000 kg thrust , with afterburner
- Flight performance: maximum speed 2370 km / h; Service ceiling 18,300 m; Range 1850 km
- Dimensions: span 9 m; Length 15.3 m; Height 5.15 m
- Weight: empty: 7636 kg; laden: 11,761 kg
- Armament: 5000 kg at stations
User: France
Mirage 4000
The Mirage 4000 was a Saudi Arabia- funded prototype derived from the Mirage 2000 . The jet was larger and heavier than the Mirage 2000, comparable to the F-15 and, like this, equipped with two engines.
The maiden flight took place in 1979. Dassault ended the program in the early 1980s because Saudi Arabia chose the F-15 as its new aircraft and no other buyers could be found. Some elements later flowed into the development of the "Rafale", also manufactured by Dassault . The only prototype has been exhibited in the Aerospace Museum in Le Bourget since 1995 .
- Technical specifications
- Type: prototype
- Propulsion: two SNECMA M53 turbojet engines , each with 10,000 kg of thrust
- Flight performance: top speed 2333 km / h or Mach 2.3 at high altitude; Service ceiling 20,000 m; Range with additional tanks and reconnaissance container 1850 km
- Dimensions: span 12 m; Length 18.7 m; Height 5.80 m; Wing area 73 m²
- Weight: empty: 13,000 kg
Incidents
On June 18, 1971, a mirage of the French Air Force crashed at the foot of the Hochblauens in a forest near Lipburg-Sehringen . Even today, an engraving in the rock and debris at the crash site reminds of the deceased pilot.
On May 2, 1975 , a Mirage 5 of the Belgian Air Force crashed in the district of Oythe (Vechta) . The pilot and nine other people died.
On July 31, 1981 , a Mirage of the Belgian Air Force crashed into the 330 m high Dudelange transmission tower at a height of 150 m and exploded. The pilot was killed, as were two residents of an outbuilding of the facility.
On June 27, 1983 collided over Biberach a French Mirage IIIC with a business jet type Partenavia . The Mirage then crashed into a residential area in the Biberach district of Birkendorf, not far from the Thomae pharmaceutical factory . Eight people died and thirteen were injured.
On June 1, 1984 , a driverless Mirage crashed into the garden of a local manufacturer in Oberderdingen (Baden-Württemberg). It had apparently approached the residential area Gänsberg with the engine stopped and gliding . Debris hit the house a few meters away; nobody was injured. The pilot saved himself with an ejector seat.
On March 31, 1988 , a French Mirage F1-CR crashed into a forest about two kilometers away from the Isar nuclear power plant (KKI); the pilot died. This incident sparked a lively debate about the safety of nuclear facilities against such accidents, not least because the cooling tower of the power plant was apparently used as a "turning point" despite the official ban and, according to witness statements, at least the crashed machine had flown directly over the power plant site.
On June 7, 1988, a Mirage 5 brushed against a high-voltage line near Marienfeld in the Warendorf district . The pilot was able to save himself with the ejector seat. The Mirage then covered almost 10 kilometers without a driver and then landed almost undamaged in a field.
On May 30, 2005 , a Mirage F-1 of the Spanish Air Force crashed near Neuburg an der Donau .
On January 20, 2009 , three pilots died in the crash of two Mirage F-1 fighter planes in Spain.
On January 9, 2019 , a Mirage 2000D crashed near the village of Mignovillard near the French-Swiss border.
See also
Web links
- aerospace.org: Dassault Mirage 2000 Medium Tactical / Strategic Bomber
Individual evidence
- ↑ ASN Wikibase Occurrence # 47,867th Aviation Safety Network, accessed 15 March 2012 .
- ↑ Biberach remembers an airplane disaster - Schwäbische Zeitung of June 27, 2008
- ↑ Crash at the atomic reactor ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Hamburger Abendblatt No. 77 of March 31, 1988
- ↑ The miracle of Marienfeld - Neue Westfälische from June 8, 2013
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↑
Wikinews: "Mirage" fighter jet crashed - message - ↑ Three fatalities in a jet fighter crash. Spiegel Online, January 20, 2009, accessed March 15, 2012 .
- ↑ NZZ.ch: French Mirage crashed near the Swiss border
