Dassault Super Étendard
| Dassault Super Étendard | |
|---|---|
 Super Étendard in April 1988 |
|
| Type: | Fighter bomber |
| Design country: | |
| Manufacturer: | |
| First flight: |
October 28, 1974 |
| Commissioning: |
June 1978 |
| Number of pieces: |
85 |
The Dassault Super Étendard ( l'étendard, m. = French "standard") is a single-engine fighter aircraft made by the French manufacturer Dassault Aviation . It was developed for the aircraft carrier-based use by the French naval aviators . The aircraft type is a further development of its predecessor, Étendard IV, from the 1950s .
history
The first prototype had its maiden flight on October 28, 1974 and was used, among other things, for engine and guided missile tests. With the second prototype, which flew for the first time in March 1975, navigation and weapon systems were tested. Initially 100 machines were ordered for the French Navy, but the contract of September 4, 1973 was later reduced to 71 machines. The first production machine took off for the first time on November 24, 1977, and the first machines were delivered in 1978. In February 1979, full operational readiness was achieved. In addition, a modified version was built as a photo reconnaissance Super. In the 1980s, 36 Super Etendard were in service with the Aéronavale in three squadrons.
A total of 14 machines were delivered to Argentina (ten are still in the FAA's inventory today ), of which the five machines delivered up to November 1981 were used in the Falklands War in 1982 (one was only used as a spare parts donor due to an embargo). They sank two British ships, including the HMS Sheffield . The first use took place on May 2, 1982, but had to be canceled due to an unsuccessful aerial refueling maneuver. Two days later this maneuver was successful and two Etendards attacked the destroyer Sheffield at low altitude 160 km south of Port Stanley . One of the two Exocet missiles fired hit the ship, tore a 1.2 m × 3.0 m hole in the ship's side and set the ship on fire. It burned out completely and sank six days later. On May 29 and 30, further attacks on the aircraft carriers Hermes and Invincible followed , but the missiles were deflected in the former and hit the container ship Atlantic Conveyor , which had been converted into an aircraft transporter , which sank five days later.
Used in the Iran-Iraq war
Five Super Etendard were loaned to the Iraqi Air Force by the French Aéronavale from October 1983 during the Iranian-Iraqi Gulf War , as the Mirage F1 aircraft ordered by Iraq were still under construction. The machines were used about 50 times from 1984 onwards, with a Greek tanker being damaged by an Exocet on March 27, 1984 and about ten other ships later. In 1985 three machines were returned to France, two were lost in the fighting.
France itself used the machines (including an Etendard IVP) from the aircraft carrier Foch from September 6, 1983 in the Lebanon War . On September 22, 1983, Super Etendards launched attacks on Druze positions east of Beirut and on November 17, 1983 attacks on militia positions near the Syrian border. The machines were also used in operations in Bosnia ( Operation Deny Flight ), in March 1999 in attacks on Serbian targets and later in operations in Afghanistan .
modernization
The machines have been modernized several times over the years. In the Modernisé program, the prototype of which flew from October 5, 1990, improved avionics systems based on the HOTAS principle, a better inertial navigation system , self-protection systems ( decoys and radar warning receiver Sherloc) and much more were retrofitted. The current stand is Super Etendard Modernisé 5 with improved communication systems and avionics, new under wing stations for carrying laser-guided bombs and the Damocles target container . 35 machines are to be converted to this standard. The remaining machines will remain at the Modernisé 4 stand or will only be brought up to the 4+ stand with new software.
From 2009 the ten machines of the remaining carrier squadron are to be replaced by the Rafale . By 2013, the aircraft in use at naval bases are also to be replaced by these, so that the end of the Super Etendard's mission is in sight. When the Charles de Gaulle (R 91) stays in the shipyard , the Super Etendard are retired.
The Super Etendard is a robust and reliable single-engine aircraft which, compared to the Etendard IVM, has a reinforced airframe, a more powerful engine, a radar (Agave type with a range of around 50 km, replaced by anemone type in modernized versions from October 1990), including more modern avionics Has a head-up system in the cockpit and newer weapon systems. The narrow cockpit, the relatively low payload and the low landing mass have a disadvantage.
Decommissioning
On November 18, 2015, the French aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle left for a mission in Syria with eight Super Étendard fighter-bombers. On March 16, 2016, the 8 remaining SEMs of Flotilla 17F left the Charles de Gaulle and returned to their base in Landivisiau in Brittany , where the last ones were decommissioned in July 2016. Since then, the aircraft carrier has only been used with Rafale fighter jets .
Military users
-
Argentina
- Argentine Navy: 19 , originally 14, 5 used 2018 reordered
-
France
- French Navy : 71
-
Iraq
- Iraqi Air Force : 5 , delivery 1983/1985, leased, returned 3, 2 in the first Gulf War lost
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Technical specifications
| Parameter | Data |
|---|---|
| Type: | single-seat carrier-based fighter-bomber |
| Length: | 14.31 m |
| Span: | 9.60 m |
| Wing area: | 28.40 m² |
| Height: | 3.85 m |
| Empty weight: | 6,450 kg |
| Maximum take-off weight: | 12,000 kg |
| Top speed: |
|
| Marching speed: | 900 km / h |
| Service ceiling: | 13,700 m |
| Rate of climb: | 100 m / s |
| Use radius: | 850 km |
| Range: | 1,700 km |
| Engine: | a SNECMA Atar 8K50 with 49.03 kN thrust (without afterburner) |
Armament
Guns integrated in the fuselage
- 2 × 30 mm revolver automatic cannons GIAT DEFA 553 with 125 rounds each
Ordnance up to 2,100 kg at five external load stations under the two wings and under the fuselage
Air-to-air guided missile
- 2 × Lance Missile Type 2255 launch rails for 1 × Matra R.550 "Magic 1/2" each - infrared controlled for short distances
Air-to-surface guided missile
- 2 × Aérospatiale AS-30L (laser-guided 520 kg guided missile)
- 1 × Martin Pescador MP-1000 (Argentina only)
- 1 × Aérospatiale AM-39 “Exocet” anti-ship missile
- 1 × Aérospatiale air Sol Moyenne Portée (ASMP; cruise missile with 300 kt nuclear explosive device, with 50 modernized aircraft)
Unguided air-to-surface missiles
- 2 × Matra F1 rocket launchers for 36 × unguided SNEB air-to-surface missiles each ; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × Matra F2 rocket launchers for 6 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × Matra F4 rocket launchers for 18 × unguided SNEB air-to-surface missiles each; Caliber 68 mm
- 2 × rocket launchers TBA 100-4 (F3) for 4 × unguided SNEB air-to-ground missiles each; 100 mm caliber
Guided bombs
- 2 × Raytheon GBU-22 / B "Paveway III" (laser-guided 250 kg glide bomb)
- 4 × Raytheon GBU-49 / B "Enhanced Paveway II" (also EGBU-12; laser, GPS and INS guided 250 kg glide bomb)
Unguided bombs
- 4 × Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) EU2 (250 kg free-fall bomb ; analogous to Mk.82)
- 1 × CEA AN-52 (free-falling nuclear bomb, weight 455 kg; explosive force 25 kilotons)
Additional container
- 2 × drop-off under wing additional tanks for 1,100 liters of kerosene
- 2 × drop-off under wing additional tanks for 625 liters of kerosene
- 1 × Thales "Damoclès" laser target and navigation container
- 1 × Thomson-CSF "Atlis II" (Automatic Tracking Laser Illuminating System) - laser target and navigation container
- 1 × Douglas Model D-704 air refueling tank
Self-defense systems
- Active measures
- 1 × Philips-Matra Phimat - decoy launcher with 210 chaff cartridges
- 1 × Thales PAJ-FA - external EKF disturbance container
- 1 × Thales / Thomson-CSF Remora DB3141 - external EKF jamming container
- 1 × Thompson-CSF Barax - external EKF jamming container
- Passive action
- 1 × BF ESM nacelle with radar warning sensor at the front of the vertical stabilizer
See also
Web links
- Manufacturer website (English)
- Dassault Super Etendard
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c FliegerRevue July 2008, pp. 26–30, More combat power for the Super Etendard
- ^ Ejection History website , Chronological Listing of Iraqi Losses & Ejections ( Memento of November 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). ("Chronology of Iraqi Losses and Exits") - Retrieved October 23, 2009
- ↑ http://meretmarine.com/fr/content/le-charles-de-gaulle-est-rentre-toulon
- ↑ http://de.sputniknews.com/militar/20151122/305836260/franzoesischer-flugzeugtraeger-de-gaulle- Einsatz- syrien.html
- ^ French Navy retires Super Etendard, Janes, July 18, 2016
- ↑ End for the Super Etendard . FlugRevue, No. 5, 2016, p. 10.
- ↑ Argentina finally buys five French Super Etendards, Janes, May 14, 2018