VD 18

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The VD 18 (short form for the directory of printed publications from the 18th century in the German-speaking area ) is a retrospective German national bibliography for historical printed publications from the 18th century that is currently being developed. After completion of the project, the VD 18 will list all prints published between 1701 and 1800 in the German-speaking area or in German. So far (as of February 2018) 178,000 monographs, 9,500 multi-volume works and 3,300 journals have already been recorded and digitized. The VD 18 will thus also provide a comprehensive virtual national library of the 18th century.

Retrospective national bibliographies

The establishment of a national library and the systematic recording of German literature production in a national bibliography took place much later in Germany than in other European countries. For this reason, for historical reasons, there is no collection of older German literature holdings in one central location, but these are distributed over various locations. The targeted establishment of five collection centers for the printing works from 1450 to 1912 is controlled by the cooperative acquisition program Sammlung Deutscher Drucke (SDD). The gaps in the bibliographical index are to be closed by the subsequent (retrospective) indexing of German prints as part of various national bibliographic projects: the VD 16 (1501–1600), the VD 17 (1601–1700) and the VD 18 (1701–1800) .

The VD 18 differs from its predecessor projects in several ways. The most important innovation is the complete digitization of the recorded titles, which was planned from the start of the project. A different approach was also chosen for processing the prints: In VD 16 and VD 17, all known copies of an edition are recorded in the various libraries. In contrast, only one copy per issue is included in the VD 18, which is cataloged at a selected library. In this way, on the one hand, the increase in book production in the 18th century is taken into account and, on the other hand, the multiple digitization of identical copies is prevented.

The libraries involved do not record the expenses assigned to them in a project-specific database, but in their own network environment. This has the advantage that the prints can be cataloged and digitized in parallel in the participating libraries and then immediately in the OPACs - as well as via data exchange in the Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog (KVK), in WorldCat , in the Central Directory of Digitized Prints and in the VD18- Database - are searchable. The cooperation of different libraries also ensures that when cataloging journal titles, volumes that are missing in a library can be supplemented by the holdings of another VD18 participant. The complete series of the journals is then available digitally in the journal database (ZDB).

Development and goals

The impetus for VD 18 was a round table sponsored by the DFG on the indexing and digitization of German prints of the 18th century at the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt in Halle. As a result of this meeting, a feasibility study was suggested, which Klaus Haller presented in 2007. On the basis of these results and the recommendation of the DFG subcommittee on cultural tradition and the committee “Scientific Libraries and Information Systems” (AWBI), the DFG endorsed the start of the pilot phase in 2009. Headed by Manfred Thaller from the Institute for Historical and Cultural Studies Information processing at the University of Cologne , a coordination database was developed. The database consists of complete copies of the VD18-relevant titles from the five largest library networks in Germany. Using an algorithm, identical outputs are combined into a data set. Then each set is given to a library for processing in order to prevent multiple entries of a title. Under the leadership of ULB Halle, five libraries took part in the three-year pilot phase:

The aim of the test phase was to develop binding standards for cataloging, digitization and the indexing of digitized material with structural data and to set general rates for daily output in these three areas. Building on the successes of the first funding phase (more than 110,000 prints), the VD18 main phase began in 2014, followed by eight other libraries. With the second section from 2016, the number of participating libraries increased to 21. Since the third section of the main phase, all libraries that have a large number of not yet digitized prints and journals from the 18th century can submit an application to the DFG, to contribute to the VD 18 with a project. Since the end of the pilot phase, coordination and lead have been with the Göttingen State and University Library.

Upon completion of the project, VD 18 will comprehensively document German and German-language literary production of the 18th century. The prerequisite for this is a thorough autopsy of the relevant works in order to identify and record different editions of a title. The 18th century is ascribed an important role in German history as the age of the Enlightenment , absolutism , Sturm und Drang and the early classical period . The VD 18 is thus an important digital collection for the sources of this epoch - also beyond the well-known literary canon.

Scope and content

While the VD 16 comprises around 106,000 and the VD 17 around 270,000 works, the increase in book production in the 18th century is also reflected in the estimated volume of around 600,000 printed matter for the VD 18. All prints published between 1701 and 1800 in German or in the German-speaking area are included, but not printed music (Musica practica), maps, facsimiles , microforms and reprints. The development of the plants is based on the following rules and standards:

  • Feasibility study by Klaus Haller
  • RAK-WB
  • RAK-WB: Specification and additions for VD 17
  • Recommendations of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Alte Drucke at GBV (AAD)
  • RDA rules for old prints (since 2016)
  • Authority data according to the common authority file (GND)
  • Subject indexing according to the list of generic terms of the AAD
  • Practical rules for digitization of the DFG
  • METS profile of the DFG viewer

All previously cataloged titles can be called up via the VD18 database, which is maintained by the central library of the joint library network . The digitized full texts are accessed via the database entry in the digital edition. From there you will be redirected to the website of the library that recorded the title in the context of VD 18. The database is therefore an important tool for all researchers working on the old book or the 18th century.

literature

  • Jürgen Beyer: Addresses of printers, publishers and booksellers in the 18th century. At the same time a contribution to the discussion about a VD18. In: Wolfenbüttel notes on book history. 31, 2006, ISSN  0341-2253 , pp. 159-190.
  • Jürgen Beyer: How complete are the German national bibliographies for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (VD16 and VD17)? In: Malcolm Walsby, Graeme Kemp (eds.): The book triumphant. Print in transition in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (= Library of the written word. Vol. 15 = The handpress world. Vol. 9). Brill, Leiden / Boston 2011, ISBN 978-90-04-20723-3 , pp. 57-77.
  • Gerd-Josef Bötte: The German literature of the eighteenth century and its bibliographical listing - perspectives for a VD18. In: Daniela Lülfing (Ed.): "Money is round and rolls away, but education remains" (= magazine for libraries and bibliography. Special issue 89). 94th German Librarianship Conference in Düsseldorf 2005. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-465-03455-4 , pp. 155–162 ( full text , PDF, 53 KB).
  • Thomas Bürger , Claudia Fabian, Rupert Schaab, Barbara Schneider-Kempf , Heiner Schnelling, Manfred Thaller : The VD 18. An invitation to the 18th century. In: library. Research and practice. 32, 2008, ISSN  0341-4183 , pp. 195-202.
  • Claudia Fabian, Dorothea Sommer: First plans for a directory of the 18th century prints published in the German-speaking area (VD 18). In: Library Service. 38, 12, 2004, ISSN  0006-1972 , pp. 1565-1571 ; (Full text, PDF, 53 KB) ( Memento from May 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ).
  • Christian Fieseler: The directory of German prints of the 18th century (VD 18). Goals, development and current status. In: Forum Bibliothek und Information. 7, 2016, pp. 402-405 ( full text ).
  • Klaus Haller: Digitization and indexing of the prints of the 18th century published in the German-speaking area (=  writings on the library system in Saxony-Anhalt 88). University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt, Halle 2007, ISBN 978-3-86010-968-7 .
  • Mirjam Schmidt: The VD 18 portal: conception and implementation. With an introduction by Heiner Schnelling. In: ABI technology. 31, 1, 2011, pp. 23-46 ( full text ).
  • Heiner Schnelling (Hrsg.): VD 18. Directory of the prints of the 18th century published in the German-speaking area. Contributions to a DFG round-table discussion in the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt in Halle (Saale), organized on May 5, 2004 (=  publications on libraries in Saxony-Anhalt, 86). University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt, Halle 2004, ISBN 3-86010-740-2 .
  • Reinhart Siegert: VD18 - on the status of the discussion from a technical perspective. In: library. Research and practice. 32, 2008, pp. 203-208.
  • Dorothea Sommer: VD 16, VD 17, VD 18: Diversity and Integration. In: ABI technology. Vol. 30, No. 2, 2010, ISSN  0720-6763 , pp. 120–128, doi: 10.1515 / ABITECH.2010.30.2.120 .

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ VD18 database: The Directory of German Prints of the 18th Century - 1.65. Retrieved January 12, 2019 .
  2. ↑ VD18 pilot phase - project details. Retrieved January 12, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Bavarian Library Association. Retrieved January 22, 2019 .
  4. ^ VD18 database: The Directory of German Prints of the 18th Century - 1.65. Retrieved January 22, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Schnelling, Heiner., DFG roundtable discussion in the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt (2004/05/05: Halle, Saale): VD 18: Directory of the 18th century prints published in the German-speaking area; Contributions to a DFG roundtable in the University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt in Halle (Saale), organized on 05/05/2004 . University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt, Halle (Saale) 2004, ISBN 3-86010-740-2 .
  6. ^ Haller, Klaus .: Digitization and indexing of the printed books of the 18th century that appeared in the German-speaking area . University and State Library of Saxony-Anhalt, Halle (Saale) 2007, ISBN 978-3-86010-968-7 .
  7. ^ The directory of German prints of the 18th century (VD 18). October 10, 2016, accessed on January 18, 2019 (German).
  8. ↑ DFG - GEPRIS - VD 18: Framework application "Digitization and indexing of the 18th century prints published in the German-speaking area (VD 18)" - pilot phase. Retrieved January 18, 2019 .
  9. ^ VD18 database: The Directory of German Prints of the 18th Century - 1.65. Retrieved January 18, 2019 .
  10. ↑ DFG - German Research Foundation - Instructions for projects on the digitization and indexing of prints published in the German-speaking area. Retrieved January 18, 2019 .
  11. ^ The directory of German prints of the 18th century (VD 18). October 10, 2016, accessed on January 26, 2019 (German).
  12. ^ Directory of the 16th century prints published in the German-speaking area (VD 16). Retrieved January 26, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Wiebke Herr: VD 16, 17 and 18: Retrospective national bibliographic listing against the background of changing technical framework conditions . In: Perspective Library . tape 1 , no. 2 , 2012, ISSN  2194-8992 , p. 106–136 , doi : 10.11588 / pb.2012.2.9459 ( uni-heidelberg.de [accessed on January 26, 2019]).
  14. ^ The directory of German prints of the 18th century (VD 18). October 10, 2016, accessed on January 26, 2019 (German).
  15. ^ VD18 database: The Directory of German Prints of the 18th Century - 1.65. Retrieved January 26, 2019 .