Supply spaceship
A supply spaceship is a spacecraft that has an essential function for the transport of goods to space stations . In connection with the International Space Station , supply spaceships are also generally referred to as space transporters . In the narrower sense, only reusable transport spaceships are considered space transporters.
Examples of supply spaceships
progress
Progress ( Russian Прогресс for progress) is a Russian, Soyuz- derived, unmanned supply spaceship, which was developed in the mid-1970s by OKB-1 Koroljow ( Experimental-Konstruktionsbüro -1, today RKK Energija ) to supply space stations of the Salyut series. Later, the Mir space station and the ISS were flown to with Progress . With Progress-M, Progress-M1 and Progress-MM there have been three further stages of development so far, another one with Progress-MS is in preparation. The freighter could in future be supplemented or replaced by the Parom space tug .
ATV
The Automated Transfer Vehicle was the European contribution to the supply of the International Space Station ISS. It was a supply spaceship that navigated independently to the ISS and docked there autonomously. In addition to the Columbus module , this was the European contribution to the ISS space station with which services for the manned missions of the ESA were provided.
HTV
The HTV (H-2 Transfer Vehicle) is an unmanned supply spaceship developed by the Japanese space agency JAXA.
Dragon
Dragon is a spaceship from the US company SpaceX . In contrast to the European ATV and the Japanese HTV, it has a landing capsule and can thus bring the payload back to Earth. A manned version for up to seven people is planned.
Cygnus
Cygnus is a supply spaceship that was developed by the US company Orbital Sciences Corporation .
Tianzhou
China developed the Tianzhou supply spaceship , with which the Tiangong 2 space station launched in 2016 was flown several times .
comparison
Spaceship | progress | Space Shuttle with MPLM | ATV |
HTV HTV-X |
Dragon 1 Dragon 2 |
Cygnus | Tianzhou | Dream chaser |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Starting capacity | 2.2-2.4 t | 9 t | 7.7 t | 6.0 t 5.8 t |
6.0 t | 2.0 t (2013) 3.5 t (2015) 3.75 t (2019) |
6.5 t | 5.5 t |
Landing capacity | 150 kg (with VBK-Raduga ) | 9 t | - | 20 kg (from HTV-7) | 3.0 t | - | - | 1.75 t |
Special skills |
Reboost, fuel transfer |
Transport of ISPR, transport of external loads, station construction, reboost |
Reboost, fuel transfer |
Transportation of ISPR , transportation of external loads |
Transportation of ISPR, transportation of external loads |
Transport of ISPR | Fuel transfer | |
carrier | Soyuz | STS | Ariane 5 |
H-2B H3 |
Falcon 9 | Antares / Atlas 5 | Long March 7 | Vulcan |
Start-up costs (rough information) |
$ 65 million | $ 450 million | $ 600 million | HTV: $ 300-320 million | $ 150/230 million
(Dragon 1/2) |
$ 260/220 million (Cygnus 2/3) | ||
Manufacturer | RKK Energija | Alenia Spazio (MPLM) | Airbus Defense and Space | Mitsubishi Electric | SpaceX | Orbital Sciences | CAST | Sierra Nevada |
Period of use | since 1978 | 2001-2011 | 2008-2015 | 2009–2020 from 2022 |
2012–2020 from 2020 |
since 2014 | since 2017 | from 2021 |
italic = planned
literature
- Matthew A. Bentley: Spaceplanes - from Airport to Spaceport, Springer, Goldaming 2008, ISBN 978-0-387-76509-9
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Joachim Weiß (Ed.): The Brockhaus in ten volumes , FA Brockhaus, 2005; Keyword “Progress”.
- ↑ Look it up !: 100,000 facts from all areas of knowledge. Subject recitations of the Bibliographisches Institut, Springer-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-1-4684-7374-2 ; limited preview in Google Book search.
- ↑ HTV-X on Gunter's Space Page, accessed on September 24, 2019.
- ↑ a b Dragon. SpaceX. In: spacex.com. Archived from the original on July 14, 2016 ; accessed on September 22, 2019 (English).
- ↑ a b Dragon. SpaceX. In: spacex.com. Retrieved September 22, 2019 .
- ^ Commercial Resupply Services. In: orbitalatk.com. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Eric Berger: NASA to pay more for less cargo delivery to the space station. April 27, 2018, accessed September 22, 2019 .
- ^ Antares launches Cygnus cargo spacecraft on first CRS-2 mission . Spacenews, November 2, 2019.
- ^ A b Sierra Nevada firms up Atlas V Missions for Dream Chaser Spacecraft, gears up for Flight Testing. In: Spaceflight 101 July 9, 2017, accessed September 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Bernd Leitenberger: Progress. In: bernd-leitenberger.de. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .
- ↑ How much does it cost to launch a Space Shuttle? NASA, March 23, 2019, accessed March 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Stephen Clark: Fourth ATV attached to Ariane 5 launcher. In: spaceflightnow.com. Retrieved March 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Stephen Clark: Space station partners assess logistics needs beyond 2015. In: spaceflightnow.com. December 1, 2009, accessed March 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Robert Wyre: JAXA Wants ¥¥¥¥¥ for 2020 Rocket. In: majiroxnews.com. January 19, 2011, archived from the original on March 2, 2016 ; accessed on March 24, 2018 (English).
- ↑ a b SpaceX price hikes will make ISS cargo missions more costly . Engadget, April 27, 2018.
- ↑ Stephen Clark: Japan's HTV ready for launch with last set of new space station solar batteries . Spaceflight Now, May 19, 2020.