Four-point orchid

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Four-point orchid
Four-point orchid (Orchis quadripunctata)

Four-point orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Orchideae
Sub tribus : Orchidinae
Genre : Orchids ( orchis )
Type : Four-point orchid
Scientific name
Orchis quadripunctata
Cirillo ex Ten.

The four-point orchid ( orchis quadripunctata ) is a plant of the genus orchids ( orchis ) within the family of orchid (Orchidaceae).

description

Zygomorphic flower
Inflorescence with white flowers

Description for the subspecies Orchis quadripunctata subsp. quadripunctata :

Vegetative characteristics

Orchis quadripunctata subsp. quadripunctata is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. The stems are green and mostly covered in dark red.

Two to six of the three to eight leaves are basal together. The spotted or unspotted basal leaves are linear to narrow-elliptical with a length of 4 to 12 centimeters and a width of 1 to 2 centimeters.

Generative characteristics

The terminal, racemose inflorescence is cylindrical with a length of 3 to 15 centimeters and contains loosely distributed 8 to 35 flowers. The red-violet bracts lie against the twisted ovary and are about as long or longer than this.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold. The bracts are pink to purple or white. The two lateral bracts are oblique-egg-shaped and are in one plane with the upper bract and the lip. The lip is deeply three-lobed to almost undivided, 6 to 8 millimeters long and 6.5 to 10.5 millimeters wide. The lip is lighter in the center and has two or three visible and two wine-red points hidden in the spur entrance at the base. The spur is pin-shaped, horizontally or slightly bent downwards and significantly longer than the ovary. The twisted ovary is 9 to 11 millimeters long.

The flowering period is March to June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.

ecology

The four-point orchid is a tuber geophyte .

Brancifortis orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata subsp. Brancifortii )
Sezik's orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata subsp. Sezikiana )

Occurrence

The four-point marsh orchid occurs from east-central and southern Italy to western Turkey . It thrives in grass corridors, garigue and rock corridors.

Systematics

The first description of Orchis quadripunctata was made in 1813 by Domenico Cirillo in Michele Tenore : Flora napolitana, ossia descrizione delle piante indigenous del Regno di Napoli, e delle più rare specie di piante esotiche coltivate ne 'Giardini ... Napoli 1 (Prodr.): LIII . Synonyms for Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. are: Anacamptis trichocera K. Koch , Androrchis quadripunctata (Cirillo ex Ten.) D. Tyteca & E. Klein , Gymnadenia humilis Lindl. , Orchis bipunctata Raf. Tratt , Orchis hostii . , Orchis trichocera Brongn. , Orchis nicodemii Sieber ex Steud. Orchis cupanii death. , Orchis quadripunctata f. albiflora (Soó) De Langhe & D'hose .

Depending on the author, there are around three subspecies of Orchis quadripunctata , which are also rated as separate species or hybrids:

  • Brancifortis orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata subsp. Brancifortii (Biv.) EGCamus , Syn .: Orchis brancifortii Biv. ): It is also viewed by some authors as an independent species. It occurs in Sardinia and northern Sicily and grows at altitudes of 150 to 1750 meters.
  • Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. subsp. quadripunctata : It thrives on calcareous soils in sparse forests, in the garigue, on ledges and on rock rubble at altitudes from 0 to 1600 meters.
  • Sezik's orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata subsp. Sezikiana ( B. Baumann & H.Baumann) H.Baumann & R.Lorenz , syn .: Orchis × sezikiana B. Baumann & H.Baumann ). It is regarded by R. Govaerts as a bastard Orchis anatolica × Orchis quadripunctata . It occurs in Crete, Ikaria, Samos, Lesbos, in western and southwestern Turkey and in northern Cyprus at altitudes from 0 to 1050 meters.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The new cosmos Mediterranean flora. Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-10742-3 , p. 396.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele , Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006, ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 , pages 246-247.
  3. ↑ Orchis quadripunctata at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  4. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts, 2003: World Checklist of Monocotyledons Database in ACCESS : 1-71827. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Orchis quadripunctata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 15, 2020.
  5. ↑ Orchis quadripunctata at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 15, 2020.

Web links

Commons : four-point orchid ( Orchis quadripunctata )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files