Pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang ob Grades
The branch and pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang ob Grades is a late Gothic Roman Catholic pilgrimage church in the Carinthian market of Grades in the Metnitz Valley . The defensive wall, up to nine meters high, and the late Gothic winged altar are remarkable . The St. Wolfgang is a branch of the parish of Grades.
Building description
The church stands on a small hill west of Grades. A six to nine meter high bering with numerous key notches surrounds the church. On the east side there is the narrow gate with late Gothic fresco remains depicting the Madonna, the Man of Sorrows and St. Wolfgang. In the south there is a gatekeeper house, at the corner of the wall in the south-east there is a house that is partly from the Gothic.
The church is a large stone building, the choir is slightly drawn in. There are four stepped buttresses on the nave and choir . The square west tower has five storeys, is presented and integrated into the defensive wall. On the ground floor of the tower there is an ogival opening in the north and south, and a tracery window in the west. A star rib vault rises above the consoles. The other tower floors have crossed windows and bifor sound openings. The tower has had a pyramid roof since 1949. A stair tower on the north side of the tower leads to the gallery .
The Gothic sacristy adjoins the north of the choir . In the north of the nave there is a late Gothic corbel portal with a tympanum relief of the Man of Sorrows. It comes from the same master as the pulpit. The west portal is shoulder-arched and has a richly profiled wall, the arch is decorated with crabs and finial. The holy water font at the west portal is marked 1765. The portal in the south is similar to the west portal, but has a simpler design. There is a holy water font and an offering table here.
The west portal
Church interior
The three-bay nave is spacious, light and has a mesh ridge vault. The services are polygonal with leaf capitals and canopy niches. The gallery in the west is three-axis with pointed arches and star rib vaults on consoles. The stone gallery parapet is decorated with dazzling rosettes and a coat of arms cartouche from 1525. In the north of the west wall, a pointed arch portal leads to the gallery staircase.
The retracted choir is two-bay and has a 5/8 end . The net rib vault rises above slender round services without capitals. The keystones show coats of arms and banners, one is marked 1466. On the north side of the choir, a corbel portal leads into the sacristy. This has a star rib vault.
The Gothic stone pulpit is decorated with reliefs. On the high altar, the left wall altar and on the two side altars, the Gothic canteens with windows have been preserved. In the choir there is a polychrome sacrament niche with a late Gothic grille and a lava niche . In addition to the side altars there are two lava niches.
The large late Gothic windows have two lanes and rich tracery.
The vaults of the nave and choir are painted in a late Gothic style with tendrils and flowers. In the nave there are 17 quatrains with painted busts of saints from around 1480.
High altar
The high altar is a winged altar, which was donated between 1519 and 1522 by the Gurk bishop Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg . At that time, an already existing older shrine was likely to have been significantly reworked. These works are attributed to the younger Villach workshop .
There are three figures in the shrine that were made by an unknown master. The central figure represents the enthroned Saint Wolfgang. The figure resembles the client and, through its seated position, dominates the two side figures, Saints Laurentius and Stephanus. The shrine figures are based on the Pacher altar in St. Wolfgang . However, St. Wolfgang holds the central middle position here in Grades, while in St. Wolfgang he stands by Mary's side. The figures are likely to have been created around 1490 and are attributed to the older Villach workshop.
The insides of the two wings show scenes from the life of Mary in reliefs: Annunciation , death with the Assumption of Mary into heaven, coronation and the birth of Jesus. These reliefs, together with the figures in the shrine, form the Sunday side of the altar.
The weekday side on the back of the wings is made up of eight paintings. The outer four show the martyrdom of a saint, the inner four scenes from the Wolfgang legend. On the back of the altar there are paintings by another master, which show the saints Achatius, Georg and Florian in rich tendrils.
The burst above the shrine consists of five delicate canopies, under which Saints Catherine, Sebastian, Rochus and Barbara stand, in the middle the Man of Sorrows. Above him, also under a canopy, is St. Christopher.
On the predella there is a bishop on the left, a pope on the right, and two coats of arms of Cardinal Matthäus Lang von Wellenburg: as Bishop of Gurk and as Archbishop of Salzburg. The door wings of the predella are decorated with reliefs of two holy bishops, Dionysius and one without attribute.
Annunciation of the Lord, representation on the high altar
Weekday side of the left wing of the high altar
Right wing weekday side
Back of the high altar
Rest of the facility
To the side of the high altar are two baroque angel chandeliers.
On the north wall is a wall altar from the third quarter of the 18th century. Its altar panel shows the crucifixion, the richly carved frame the Arma Christi. The tabernacle on the south side dates from the middle of the 18th century.
The two side altars on the east side of the nave are marked 1742 and 1751 respectively. On the left side altar, the altar panel shows Maria Immaculata by Josef Ferdinand Fromiller and statues of Saints Catherine and Barbara. On the right side altar, the altar panel shows St. Margaret, the statues of Saints Agathe and Lucia.
Console statues are St. Notburga and St. Isidore from the second half of the 18th century and St. Anthony of Padua from the 17th century. The large carved crucifixion group with Mary and John on the north wall of the nave is marked 1685.
Above the south portal there is a large painting, a former altarpiece, showing the Annunciation to Mary and dating from the first quarter of the 17th century.
The organ, built around 1880, was made by Franz Colaric from Ferlach .
The left side altar
The right side altar
Late Gothic pulpit
.JPG)
history
Construction began in 1453 under the care of Andreas von Grades. In the same year requested Emperor Friedrich III. with the Bishop of Regensburg for the transfer of a Wolfgang relic for the church under construction. According to popular belief, St. Wolfgang was in 977 degrees. In 1474 the almost completed building was badly damaged by fire. The reconstruction work was not finished until 1512. The defensive wall was also built at this time.
In 1766 the tower was given a baroque onion dome. After a fire in 1949, this was replaced by today's pyramid roof.
supporting documents
- Dehio Handbook Carinthia . 2nd edition, Anton Schroll, Vienna 1981. ISBN 3-7031-0522-4 , pp. 179f. (Description)
- Siegfried Hartwagner: Austrian Art Monograph Volume VIII: Carinthia. The St. Veit an der Glan district . Verlag St. Peter, Salzburg 1977, ISBN 3-900173-22-2 , pp. 223-225. (Story, winged altar)
- Gottfried Biedermann: Plastic . In: Gottfried Biedermann, Karin Leitner: Gothic in Carinthia . Carinthia, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85378-521-2 , pp. 95-150, here 143f. (Winged altar)
Web links
- Branch and pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang on the side of the Gurk diocese
- Pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang ob Grades on the side of the parish of Grades
Coordinates: 46 ° 58 ′ 40.8 ″ N , 14 ° 15 ′ 1 ″ E