Wanda Bibrowicz

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Memorial plaque for Wanda Bibrowicz in Wroclaw

Wanda Bibrowicz (born June 3, 1878 in Grodzisk Wielkopolski (German: Grätz) near Posen ; † July 2, 1954 in Dresden ) was a Polish artist , artisan and art teacher trained in painting and image knitting . In 1911 she was the founder of the Silesian workshop for art weaving in Oberschreiberhau (Silesia) and in 1919 the co-founder of the Pillnitz workshops for picture weaving . Most of her work can be assigned to Art Nouveau and Art Déco .

Life

The future textile artist was born as the daughter of the wealthy brewery and landowner Stanislaw Bibrowicz and his wife Maria Tadrzyńska and showed artistic talent as a child.

Wanda Bibrowicz's grave in the Maria am Wasser church cemetery in Dresden-Hosterwitz

In 1896 she entered the Royal Arts and Crafts School in Breslau to view the portrait painting to learn. There she was one of the first students of Max Wislicenus , who had just been appointed to this school , and who finally brought her to art weaving in 1903. From 1904 she worked as a "technical assistant" in the weaving workshop newly set up by Max Wislicenus on the initiative of Hans Poelzig , the then director of the art and trade school. She acquired the necessary knowledge and skills through additional studies in Munich and Berlin, among other things.

Wanda Bibrowicz gave up teaching at this textile art workshop for personal reasons in 1911, moved to Schreiberhau in the Giant Mountains and started her own art weaving workshop there, which she ran until 1919.

In that year she moved at the instigation of Hans Poelzig to Dresden on and founded Max Wislicenus in the New Pillnitz the "workshops for tapestry Pillnitz" that existed until the 1,952th

In 1931 she took over the management of a weaving class at the Dresden Academy of Applied Arts (later the State School of Master Craftsmen). In the time of National Socialism , shortly before the end of the war, she was included in the God-gifted list.

After the Second World War the artist was forgotten and lived in poverty for the last few years. In 1949 she married Max Wislicenus, 17 years her senior and widowed since 1948, with whom she had had a close relationship for many years.

Wanda Bibrowicz died in Dresden in the summer of 1954 at the age of 77 and was buried in the old Hosterwitz cemetery of the Maria am Wasser church. A few years later, Max Wislicenus found his final resting place at her side. Bibrowicz bequeathed her life's work to the state.

plant

The artist created her first own tapestries, primarily with animal and plant motifs, from 1904/05. Above all, she devoted herself to the Breslau workshop in her first creative phase, which - mostly based on designs by Max Wislicenus - created not only smaller works but also large-format commissioned works to decorate the representative rooms of public buildings. With the help of Wanda Bibrowicz, for example, the multi-part wall hanging made around 1909 for the registry office of the town hall of Löwenberg in Lower Silesia , one of the tapestries of which is missing, the other two are still in good condition on site, as well as the tapestry from around 1910 for the representation room of the Royal Government Building in Wroclaw (today the National Museum ).

In 1914, during the Oberschreiberhauer period, he created the picture weaving workshop Saint Francis of Assisi . This later came into the possession of the art patron Albert Neisser and stayed in his Wroclaw villa when it was taken over by the Silesian Arts and Crafts Museum in 1918. It was destroyed during the Second World War. Wanda Bibrowicz made at least four of the large series with a total of twelve tapestries for the meeting room of the Ratzeburg district hall, begun in Oberschreiberhau in 1914 and completed in Pillnitz in 1921 .

  • 1910: Four peacocks on a tree , (Ketterer, 19th auction, No. 1032)
  • ???: cats
  • ???: Owl tree
  • ???: Bird of Paradise
  • ???: White Raven , Lodz, Museum of Textile Art
  • 1914: Saint Francis of Assisi (original, destroyed)
  • 1914/21: Ratzeburg cycle , 12 tapestries, Ratzeburg, old town hall
  • 1916: peace
  • 1917: Saint Jerome
  • 1920 ?: Flying herons
  • 1920: The white stag
  • 1921: Saint Hubertus , three-part wall hanging for the Tharandt Forestry University
  • 1921: The hunt
  • 1921: The Saxon tapestry for the Saxon government (lost since 1945)
  • 1926: Saint Francis of Assisi (replica), Pillnitz, Museum of Arts and Crafts
  • 1929: Tapestry for the town hall in Plauen
  • 1930: forest fairy tales
  • 1933: The Good Shepherd for the new Catholic Church in Heidenau
  • 1938: Women praying
  • 1939: Rübezahl
  • 1940: The Singing Forest
  • 1940: Gazelles
  • 1940: Falken II (silver medal at the Monza International Exhibition, 1941)
  • 1945: The Glory of Music
  • ???: Pillnitz Castle Carpet (later preserved in South America)

Pupils

literature

  • B. Feister-Rohmer: The tapestries by Wanda Bibrowicz in: D. Fig. 8 (1938)
  • Konrad Hahm : Tapestries by Wanda Bibrowicz in: D. Kunst 36 (1935)
  • Ursula Kirchner: Woven by hand , Hitzeroth Verlag, Marburg 1986
  • H. Mock: It influenced the decorative line. Wanda Bibrowicz, the master of Pillnitz picture knitting, commemorated in: Sächsisches Tageblatt IX, 190 (1954)
  • Karl Schaefer : Image works by Wanda Bibrowicz in: Decorative art. Illustrated magazine for applied arts , vol. 19, vol. 24, 1915/16, pp. 397–400.
  • Alfred Schellenberg: The Pillnitz workshops for picture knitting and their Silesian history in Schlesische Monatshefte 2, 1925, No. 9, pp. 473-480
  • Ksenia Stanicka-Brzezicka: The escapes from Wanda Bibrowicz. The weaver in Szklarska Poręba 1911-1919 . In: Malgorzata Omilanowska & Beate Störtkuhl (ed.): Stadtfluchten / Ucieczki z miasta . The common world cultural heritage - Wspólne Dziedzictwo, Volume VII, Warsaw 2011, pp. 201–211
  • Elisabeth Thormann: Image knitting at the Breslau Art School, Silesia 1908/1909
  • Felix Zimmermann: The tapestries of the Wanda Bibrowicz in D. Art Bd. 42: applied art

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ksenia Stanicka-Brzezicka: The escapes from Wanda Bibrowicz. The weaver in Szklarska Poręba 1911-1919. In: Malgorzata Omilanowska & Beate Störtkuhl (ed.): Stadtfluchten / Ucieczki z miasta . The common world cultural heritage - Wspólne Dziedzictwo, Volume VII, Warsaw 2011, p. 202
  2. ^ The artists in Schreiberhau. The history of the artist colonies in the 19th – 20th centuries Carl-und-Gerhart-Hauptmann-Haus museum guide, Jelenia Góra 2007, p. 85
  3. ↑ Harry Waibel : Servants of many masters. Former Nazi functionaries in the Soviet Zone / GDR. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-63542-1 , pp. 40-41.
  4. ↑ See: Ewa Maria Poradowska Werszler: In the circle of the art of Wanda Bibrowicz: The way led through Breslau (1896-1911). Archived from the original on February 10, 2005 ; Retrieved December 25, 2007 .
  5. ↑ In Ratzeburg there are 12 tapestries in the district assembly room , four of which are marked with the WB logo and the year 1917 or 1918. The two large coats of arms are marked with ED, the third, which shows the coat of arms of Prince Bismarck, is not signed. So it cannot be assumed that they come from W. Bibrowicz.
personal data
SURNAME Bibrowicz, Wanda
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish-German artisan
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Poses
DATE OF DEATH 2nd July 1954
Place of death Dresden