Coat of arms of the city of Nuremberg
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The coat of arms of the city of Nuremberg , which was used as a seal image as early as 1240, is divided into the large and small city arms. The official description of the coat of arms ( blazon ) reads: “Split; in front in gold a half, red-tongued and gold-armored black eagle at the slit, in the back divided diagonally five times by red and silver. "
Coat of arms history
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The city of Nuremberg has two coats of arms: a large and a small. As early as 1240, a seal is mentioned in a document that depicts an eagle with a king's head as a reference to the kingdom. Impressions have been documented since 1254. The inscription " SIGILLUM UNIVERSITATIS CIVIUM DE NURENBERCH " confirms that Nuremberg is free from the Reich . Another seal from 1368 has the same representation and was in use until 1806.
13./14. century
To authenticate the main seal, a so-called return seal was also required. From this the small Nuremberg city arms developed . At first, the mere smoothing of the back of the main seal was sufficient confirmation. This was followed by thumb and fingertip impressions until three horizontal notches were used from the first half of the 14th century. In 1346 a crowned "N" with the abbreviated inscription "Signetum secretum Nurenbergense" was used. Since the main seal was used by the leaders in the course of a craftsmen's uprising in 1348/49, King Charles IV declared their documents invalid and gave the imperial city a seal of return. This was used from 1350. This back seal remained in use as a small city coat of arms until 1806. In addition to the main seal, the imperial city had a secret seal, which was smaller than the city seal, but with the same seal image. It was primarily used as a sealing seal for correspondence, in modern times also as an imprinted seal on documents next to the main and secret seal, which around the middle of the 14th century was made of brown wax with the one-headed imperial eagle and from the heraldic left to the heraldic right (see Heraldry ) was turned towards the seal of the Nuremberg City Court. An "N" served as a return seal.
The shield of the coat of arms has been split since 1350: on the right of the split there is half an imperial eagle, on the left it is divided diagonally five times. A year later, the back half was divided diagonally six times. Around 1260, a five-fold oblique division of silver and red is mentioned as the city's coat of arms. It is said to be related to the shield border of the burgraves of Nuremberg of the same color, attested since 1240 . The colors are also the colors of the empire and, like the eagle, point to the city of Nuremberg as an imperial city. The Reichsstatthalter of Bavaria awarded this coat of arms in 1936 as the small Nuremberg city coat of arms.
15./18. century
From the 15th century, the depiction of the king's head on the large coat of arms changed: it became more feminine. The head turns into a woman's head with breasts, which is interpreted as a nymph Noris or harpy . For the humanist Conrad Celtis (1459 to 1508) the virgin eagle was a joke expression for the fact that the "Nuremberg men were under the slipper ". Others saw a connection with astrology : In their opinion, Nuremberg was in the constellation of Virgo and therefore had this virgin eagle in its seal. A third research approach, however, suggests that the city was never conquered and has always remained virgin and unscathed.
While the large coat of arms changed, from the 16th century the small coat of arms served as a seal for the correspondence of individual imperial city offices and deputations , it was also used as an identifier for the Nuremberg merchandise, measures and weights.
19./20. century
The Bavarian municipalities had to fight for the right to use their own coat of arms in the 19th century. In 1819, a new Nuremberg official seal was created, which now received the virgin eagle , which was never officially included in the seal in the imperial city time, but only artistically, mostly in combination as a Nuremberg coat of arms, for the seal image since the late 15th century . The disputes over the design of the official Nuremberg city coat of arms dragged on until 1897. The royal head eagle was set in the colors of 1484 as the great coat of arms in 1936. The virgin eagle has not been allowed to be used since then.
In 1936 the Great City coat of arms was given the image of the imperial city main seal. As such, it is used today with the inscription "City of Nuremberg", extended by "Bavaria" in 1971 at the request of the Free State, as the seal of the city, for presentation the mayors, mayors and professional city councilors use it. The small city arms use Nuremberg's offices as a seal and presentation, but it can also be used by companies for advertising purposes with the approval of the city.
Large city arms
Blazon : "In blue a golden virgin eagle with a naturally colored, youthful head with golden, flowing hair and a golden leaf crown." This coat of arms was already used in the seal of 1220 and symbolizes Nuremberg as a free imperial city. The king-head eagle has been attested on building sculptures since the 14th century, in illustrations and in literature since the 15th century. The king head eagle was at times depicted as a woman's head - the so-called " virgin eagle ". This resembled a harpy or the figure of the nymph Noris. In 1936 the royal head eagle was given the imperial colors of 1484, which was confirmed by the city council in 1963 as today's Great Coat of Arms. It is usually in the official seals (but not by the registry office, which bears the official Bavarian coat of arms), by the mayors and by the city council and on historic city buildings and may only be used with a special permit, which is rarely granted, by associations or Firms are used.
Small city coat of arms
Blasonierung : "Split, forward in Gold half, red gezungter and golden reinforced black eagle at the gap, the rear five times obliquely shared by red and silver." Konrad of Mure designate 1260 the city arms as a geschrägtes five times of White and Red shield which with the shield border of the Nuremberg burgraves attested since 1240 and corresponds to the imperial colors. From 1350 the imperial eagle was added and the small coat of arms was used as a back seal. From 1513 it was used in the seals of the offices and foreign authorities of Nuremberg. The number of diagonal bars and colors changed, just like with the great coat of arms, several times. The shape still in use today was given in 1936 together with the great coat of arms. The city flag is also derived from the small coat of arms. The small coat of arms may be used for advertising purposes by companies based in Nuremberg or affixed to goods, as long as the impression of official use is not created and the coat of arms is reproduced heraldically and artistically correctly. Both city coats of arms are subject to approval.
Heraldic three-pass
The Nürnberger Wappendreipass (also known as the Nuremberg Trinity) is the combination of the two Nuremberg city coats of arms that has been used since the late 15th century. Here the close relationship between the city and the empire becomes particularly clear.
This trinity of coats of arms is composed of the crowned, mostly double-headed imperial eagle and the two Nuremberg city coats of arms, the large coat of arms with the royal head eagle, which is transformed into a virgin eagle from the middle of the 15th century, and the small coat of arms with a split shield, in gold at the front the half black imperial eagle and at the back with the field diagonally divided five times by red and silver. Other imperial cities only had the imperial coat of arms, the double-headed eagle, next to their city arms.
The large Nuremberg city coat of arms is located in the heraldic lower right corner of the three-pass coat of arms. It is derived from the main seal of the city and since 1936 shows again in blue a golden eagle trump with a youthful, long-haired king's head.
The small Nuremberg city coat of arms, which was used as a back seal to the main seal of the imperial city from 1350, is heraldic lower left in the three coat of arms pass.
See also
literature
- Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres : Stadtlexikon Nürnberg. Tümmel, Nürnberg 1999, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 , pp. 1157-1158.
- Peter Fleischmann : Norenberc - Nuremberg. 1050 to 1806. An exhibition of the Nuremberg State Archives on the history of the imperial city (= exhibition catalogs of the Bavarian State Archives. No. 41). Bavarian main state archive u. a., Munich a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-921635-57-8 .
- Erich Keyser , Heinz Stoob (Hrsg.): Bavarian city book. Volume 1 (= German city book. Handbook of urban history. Volume 5). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart a. a. 1971.
- Gert Oswald : Lexicon of Heraldry. License issue. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim u. a. 1984, ISBN 3-411-02149-7 .
- Reinhold Schaffer: The seal and coat of arms of the imperial city of Nuremberg. In: Journal for Bavarian State History . Volume 10, 1937, pp. 157-203 ( digitized version ).
- Günther Schuhmann: Nuremberg - Emperor and Empire. Exhibition of the Nuremberg State Archives (= exhibition catalogs of the Bavarian State Archives. No. 20). Degener, Neustadt an d. Aisch 1986, ISBN 3-7686-4115-5 .
- Klemens Stadler : German coat of arms. Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 6: The municipal coats of arms of the Free State of Bavaria. Part 2: M - Z, supplements to volume 4 and 6. Angelsachsen-Verlag, Bremen 1968.
- Klemens Stadler: Coat of arms in Bavaria. Exhibition of the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich in connection with the Bavarian State Library on the occasion of the 12th International Congress for Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences (= exhibition catalogs of the Bavarian State Archives. No. 8). Degener, Neustadt an d. Aisch 1974.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c House of Bavarian History
- ↑ a b c Michael Diefenbacher, Endres Rudolf: Stadtlexikon Nürnberg. Nuremberg 1999, pp. 1157-1158.
- ↑ a b Klemens Stadler: German coat of arms. Volume 6. Bremen 1968, p. 31.
- ↑ Paragraphs 3 to 9 of the Nuremberg coat of arms statute regulate the licensing requirement for the two city coats of arms.
- ^ Günther Schuhmann: Nuremberg - Emperor and Empire. Neustadt an d. Aisch 1986, p. 155.