Vashasha

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Washasha in hieroglyphics
V4 G1 M8 G1 M8 G1 T14 A1 Z3
N25

W3š3š3
Waschascha
V4 G1 N37
N37 		T14 A2 Z3

W3šš
Waschesch

Waschascha (also Wašaša , Waschasch , Waschesch , Weschesch , Wešeš , Uashashau or Uasheshu ) is the name of a people that is recorded in ancient Egyptian sources of the 20th Dynasty of the New Kingdom . It formed part of the so-called Sea Peoples who came to Egypt around 1177 BC. Attacked and by Pharaoh Ramses III. were defeated in the Nile Delta .

Sources and interpretations

Among the “sea peoples”, the Waschascha (w3š3š3) , next to the Akjawascha (jḳ3w3š3) , are the least occupied. Their origin is unclear. The Waschascha are only mentioned in texts about the reign of Ramses III. mentioned. These include the victory report on the second pylon of the mortuary temple of Ramses III. in Medinet Habu and column 76 of the Harris I papyrus (also great Harris papyrus). The Waschascha are iconographically incomprehensible, so that their appearance remains unclear. In the temple of Medinet Habu is for the year 8 of the reign of Ramses III. read in Egyptian hieroglyphics :

Mention of the Waschascha in the mortuary temple of Ramses III. (lower quarter of the middle column)

“A camp has been set up in a place in the interior of Amurru . They destroyed his people and his country as if it had never been. Now, with the flame prepared before them, they advanced towards Egypt, their fortress (?). The plst , ṯkr , šklš , dnjn and wšš , allied countries, laid their hands on all countries until the end of the world; their hearts were confident and trusting: our plans will succeed. "

François Chabas tried a first suggestion for the origin of the Waschascha in 1872 , who, because of their phonetic similarities, equated them with the Italian Oscars , who were resident in southern Italy at least at the time of the Great Greek colonization (from the 8th century BC) . This contradicted the " Anatolian thesis" advocated by Gaston Maspero on the homeland of the sea peoples, which the Washascha associated with the Carian name Wassos in 1873 . Henry R. Hall, who took Maspero's view that the sea peoples came from the eastern Mediterranean, identified them in 1922 with the Cretan Waksioi . Following this, the Egyptologist and ancient historian Peter W. Haider said in 1988 that the Waschascha could have come from Eastern Crete. In the more recent research a connection with Iasos on the south west coast of Asia Minor is sometimes represented. The name ending of the Waschascha in sch indicates an assignment to the "long-established Aegean population".

Papyrus Harris I , column 76
(Mention of the Waschascha in line 7)

Some scholars equate the Washasha with the Akjawascha, which are only mentioned under Pharaoh Merenptah and are often associated with the Achaeans in Homer's epics and the - very probably Mycenaean - empire Aḫḫijawa mentioned in Hittite sources . The Akjawascha are documented in connection with the Libyan War in the fifth year of Merenptah's reign on the Athribis stele from Kom el-Ahmar and in the victory inscription in the courtyard behind the seventh pylon of the Karnak Temple , the Cachette Courtyard . A common feature between the Akjawascha and the Waschascha is the assignment “from the sea”, which both share with the Shardana (š3rdn) . In the Harris I papyrus, written in the year Ramses III died. in left-hand hieratic script , it says in lines 6 to 8 of column 76 (translation by Wolja Erichsen ):

“I (Ramses III) expanded all the borders of Egypt and defeated all who attacked them from their countries. I killed the dnjn who are on their islands, the ṯkr and the plst have turned to ashes. The šrdn and the wšš of the sea became as if they had never existed. They were captured and brought into captivity in Egypt, like the sand on the seashore (in number). I settled them in fortresses, conquered in my name. Their military troops were as numerous as hundreds of thousands. I stocked them all every year with clothes and food at state expense from the stores. "

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frederik Christiaan Woudhuizen : The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples . Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam 2006, A Historiographic Outline, p. 36 ( yumpu.com [accessed April 10, 2016]).
  2. ^ Ernest AT Wallis Budge: An Egyptian Hieroglyphic Dictionary . tape I . Murray, London 1920, p. 149 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ A b Edward Noort: The Sea Peoples in Palestine . Kampen 1994, p. 56–57 ( books.google.de [accessed April 10, 2016]).
  4. ↑ Samuel Birch (Ed.): Facsimile of an Egyptian hieratic papyrus of the reign of Rameses III, now in the British Museum . Papyrus Harris no 1. British Museum, Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, London 1876, Plate LXXVI, p. 28 and 76 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de - English translation digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de [accessed on April 10, 2016]).
  5. ↑ a b Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi: The struggle of the sea peoples against Pharaoh Ramses III. Rahden 2012, p. 50 .
  6. ↑ Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi: The struggle of the sea peoples against Pharaoh Ramses III. Rahden 2012, p. 37 .
  7. ↑ Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi: The struggle of the sea peoples against Pharaoh Ramses III. Rahden 2012, p. 38 .
  8. ↑ Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi: The struggle of the sea peoples against Pharaoh Ramses III. Rahden 2012, p. 41 .
  9. ↑ Alexander Herda: Karkiša-Karien and the so-called Ionian migration. In: Frank Rumscheid (Ed.): The Karer and the Others. International Colloquium at the Free University of Berlin October 13-15, 2005 (2009), p. 57 f. Note 158 (with evidence).
  10. ^ Shell Peczynski: The Sea People and their Migration . Rutgers University, New Brunswick (New Jersey) 2009, The Confederation of Lands and Tribes United to Form the Sea Peoples Front, p. 43 ( history.rutgers.edu [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on April 10, 2016]).
  11. ↑ Heike Sternberg-el Hotabi: The struggle of the sea peoples against Pharaoh Ramses III. Rahden 2012, p. 19-22 .
  12. ↑ Shelley Wachsmann: The Gurob Ship-Cart Model and its Mediterranean Context . Texas A&M University Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-60344-429-3 , pp. 142 ( books.google.de ).
  13. ^ Shell Peczynski: The Sea People and their Migration . Rutgers University, New Brunswick (New Jersey) 2009, The Confederation of Lands and Tribes United to Form the Sea Peoples Front, p. 39 ( history.rutgers.edu [PDF; 3.2 MB ; accessed on April 10, 2016]).
  14. ↑ Edward Noort: The Sea Peoples in Palestine . Kampen 1994, p. 83 ( books.google.de ).
  15. ↑ Helmuth Th. Boßert : Old Crete: Art and applied arts in the Aegean culture . Wasmuth, Berlin 1921, Scherden, p. 51 ( digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  16. ^ August Eisenlohr : The great papyrus Harris . Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung, Leipzig 1872, p. 27 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  17. ↑ August Strobel : The Late Bronze Age Sea Peoples Storm . de Gruyter, Berlin 1976, ISBN 3-11-006761-7 , The Sea Peoples Storm in History and Myth, p. 18 ( books.google.de ).