Water poppies

The division of living beings into systematics is a continuous subject of research. Different systematic classifications exist side by side and one after the other. The taxon treated here has become obsolete due to new research or is not part of the group systematics presented in the German-language Wikipedia.

Water lily-like water poppy ( Hydrocleys nymphoides )

Hydrocleys martii

Limnocharis flava

The water poppy plants (Limnocharitaceae), also known as the marsh flea plants, were a family in the order of the frog- spoon-like (Alismatales) within the monocot plants . The small family comprised three genera with about seven species that are pantropically distributed in fresh water .

The 1981 first-described family went with the publication of the APG III in the plantain plants on (Alismataceae).

description

Habit and leaves

The plant species in this family grow as perennial herbaceous plants . They contain milk juice . These swamp or water plants form stolons or rhizomes and fine roots with which they are anchored in the ground. The plant parts have no hair.

The leaves are basal or distributed on the stem and are usually alternate, less often spirally or in two lines. They are heterophyll, which means they form different leaves, in this case depending on whether the leaves are above or below water. The flowing leaves are linear and sessile. The leaves, developed above water, are stalked and their blade is linear to obovate with a clearly raised central rib. The main nerves are parallel and the lateral nerves are arranged like a network. The leaf margin is smooth. There are scales in the leaf axils.

Inflorescences and flowers

They form on a flooding or upright inflorescence stem a shamrock inflorescence with bracts; sometimes the flowers are solitary.

The stalked, radial symmetry , threefold, hermaphrodite flowers have a double perianth . There are three long-lasting, free sepals . The three delicate, free petals are white or yellow. The flowers contain six to (100) many (centrifugal) free stamens ; they sometimes stand together in bundles. The outer stamens are sometimes transformed into staminodes . The pollen grains , which are always three-celled, can have three to nine apertures. In a circle there are three to twenty, usually ten to twelve upper carpels , which are more or less free. In each carpel there are fifty or more ovules in laminar placentation. Nectar secretion occurs at the base of the carpels.

Fruits and seeds

The three to twenty follicles that are formed per flower stand together like a head. There is no endosperm in mature seeds . The embryo are U-shaped.

Chromosomes

The chromosomes are big. The number of chromosomes is n = 7, 8, 10.

Systematics and distribution

The Limnocharitaceae family was established in 1981 by Armen Tachtadschjan in Arthur John Cronquist : An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants . The type genus is Limnocharis Bonpl. The genera were previously classified in the Butomaceae . The distribution of the species is pantropical. Today the family is considered part of the Alismataceae .

The Limnocharitaceae family comprises three genera with seven to eight species:

• Water poppy ( Hydrocleys Rich. ): With about five species from Mexico to Central and South America.
  • Hydrocleys martii Seubert , Martius' water key
  • Hydrocleys nymphoides Buchenau , Nymphaea-like water key
• Limnocharis Bonpl. : With the only kind:
  • Swamp love ( Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau , Syn .: Alisma flavum L., Limnocharis emarginata Humb. & Bonpl. ): The original home is South America; it is a neophyte in many areas of the world, especially in Asia .
• Butomopsis Kunth ( Syn .: Tenagocharis Hochstetter ): With the only species:
  • Butomopsis latifolia (D.Don) Kunth : The wide distribution area extends from northern Africa, through India, Nepal and southern Yunnan and all of Southeast Asia to northern Australia .

use

Some species are used as ornamental plants for ponds or aquariums .

Limnocharis flava plant parts are eaten as a vegetable or salad, especially in Indonesia and Indochina .

swell

• The family of Limnocharitaceae in APWebsite. (Section systematics and description)
• The Limnocharitaceae family at DELTA. (Section description)
• Wang Qingfeng, Robert R. Haynes & C. Barre Hellquist: Limnocharitaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 23: Description and key of the Chinese taxa in the Flora of China (draft). (Section description)
• Robert R. Haynes: Limnocharitaceae in the Flora of North America , Volume 22: Online. (Section description)
• Robert R. Haynes & LB Holm-Nielsen: The Limnocharitaceae , Fl. Neotrope. Monogr. , Vol. 56, 1992, pp. 1-34. (Section systematics and description)
• Emerson Ricardo Pansarin: Neotropical Limnocharitaceae : Online. (Section description)

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b} Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 161: 2, 2009, pp. 105-121
2. ↑ Christel Kasselmann : aquarium plants. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 1995; 2nd, revised and expanded edition 1999, ISBN 3-8001-7454-5 , p. 300.
3. ↑ Christel Kasselmann (1999), p. 301.

Web links

Commons : Alismataceae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files