Water borer
| Water borer | ||||||||||||
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Nymphula nitidulata |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nymphula nitidulata | ||||||||||||
| ( Hufnagel , 1767) |
The nymphula nitidulata or Binsenzünsler ( nymphula nitidulata , Syn. : Nymphula stagnata ) is a ( small ) butterfly from the family of Crambidae .
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 15 to 22 millimeters for the males and 18 to 25 millimeters for the females. The basic color of the fore and hind wings is white. The proximal and distal lines of the forewings are pale brown and fused by a short transverse line in the upper third. The proximal, distal and transverse lines have a dark brown border on both sides. The distal line runs very obliquely from about 2/3 of the costal edge to the inner angle . The submargin line is curved and merges with the distal line above the interior angle. The submarginal area is yellow and has a dark inner border. The hind wings show a dark brown, line-shaped proximal line and an equally colored discocellular spot. The distal line is pale brown and has a dark brown border on the inside. The submarginal area is yellow and has a dark inner border.
In the males, the uncus is long and slender. The gnathos is long and has a very small tooth distally on the dorsal side . The blades are oval and have a very hairy anellifer. The Juxta is plump. The aedeagus is curved and provided with a terminal, leaf-shaped cornutus. The ejaculatory bulb joins approximately in the middle of the aedeagus.
In females, the oviscapter is relatively short and has moderately long apophyses. The apophyses posteriores are clearly dilated at the base. The ductus bursae is quite long and has a strong, broad colliculum . The ductus bursae widens in the direction of the corpus bursae and opens into it off-center. The signum consists of two weak, parallel, sclerotized ridges of different lengths.
The young caterpillars are initially almost colorless. The head and prothoracic shield are blackish. The digestive tract quickly turns a greenish-gray color and is clearly visible through the semi-transparent skin. The adult caterpillars have a small, flat head that is pale brown and transparent. The prothorax is yellow or olive yellow and occasionally with a few brown speckles. There is a brown transverse line at the rear edge. The rest of the body shines dark or olive yellow. The transparent digestive tract is dark olive in color. The abdominal bones have complete, biordinally circular hook rings, the caudal half of which is greatly enlarged.
The doll is moderately slim. It shines dark yellow and is lightly orange-yellow speckled. The legs do not reach the end of the abdomen . The cremaster has a downwardly curved, hook-like bristle.
distribution
Nymphula nitidulata is widespread in Europe and is found from northern Spain to east to Russia . In the north the distribution area extends to the British Isles and to the north of Sweden and Finland . In southern Europe , the species occurs as far as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula , but only appears there sporadically. It is absent on the Mediterranean islands and in Greece . In the east the distribution area extends at least as far as the Chentej region of Mongolia . The eastern limit of distribution is not exactly known in Russia. In the Asian part of Russia the species was found in Minussinsk and Ulan-Ude .
In the far east of the Palearctic region, Nymphula distinctalis ( Ragonot , 1894) replaces the species described here. The westernmost occurrence is in Mongolia, where N. nitidulata can also be found. A common occurrence of both species ( sympatry ) has not yet been established. Older records of N. nitidulata in Transbaikalia are N. distinctalis .
The water borer lives in calm, standing or slowly flowing waters such as brooks, rivers and lakes with abundant bank vegetation.
biology
Nymphula nitidulata forms one generation per year. The moths fly from June to August, according to another source from May to September. They hide in the vegetation during the day, but are easily scared off. They are crepuscular and nocturnal and fly close to the water and over the bank vegetation and come to artificial light sources at night. The eggs are laid in piles on the host plants just above the water. The caterpillars can be found from August. They first mine in the leaves of the branchy hedgehog ( Sparganium erectum ) and the simple hedgehog ( Sparganium simplex ), e.g. Sometimes also under water. The following are also mentioned in the literature on host plants: swan flower ( Butomus umbellatus ), water swaths ( Glyceria maxima ), spawning herbs ( Potamogeton ) and rushes ( Eleocharis ). On the "Northumberland Moths" website, the yellow pond rose ( Nuphar lutea ) is also mentioned as a host plant.
The caterpillars overwinter until about May; then they feed on young shoots. They live in a cocoon that is drifting on the surface of the water and is spun from pieces of leaves. They pupate in a white cocoon attached to parts of leaves.
Systematics
The taxon was first scientifically described in 1767 by Johann Siegfried Hufnagel as Phalaena nitidulata . This description was overlooked for a long time and so the name Phalaena stagnata Donovan came into use in 1806. The species was later transferred to the genus Nymphula and can be found as Nymphula stagnata in the more recent literature.
The following synonyms are known from the literature:
- Phalaena nitidulata Hufnagel , 1767
- Phalaena Pyralis potamogalis Huebner , 1793
- Phalaena stagnata Donovan , 1806
- Hydrocampa stagnalis Guenée , 1854
supporting documents
- ↑ Josef Reichholf: Water butterflies at Lake Skadar, Yugoslavia (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). Newsletter of the Bavarian Entomologists, 27 (1): 60-63, Munich 1978 Online at archive.org
- ↑ Patrice Leraut: Zygaenids, Pyralids 1 . In: Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume III. NAP Editions, 2012, ISBN 978-2-913688-15-5 , pp. 130 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Barry Goater, Matthias Nuss, Wolfgang Speidel: Pyraloidea I (Crambidae, Acentropinae, Evergestinae, Heliothelinae, Schoenobiinae, Scopariinae) . In: P. Huemer, O. Karsholt, L. Lyneborg (eds.): Microlepidoptera of Europe . 1st edition. tape 4 . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2005, ISBN 87-88757-33-1 , pp. 65 (English).
- ↑ Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Handbook of Microlepidoptera. Caterpillar calendar arranged according to the illustrated German Flora by H. Wagner. Frankfurt am Main, publishing house of the International Entomological Association e. V., 1931, p. 192
- ^ Northumberland Moths
- ^ Johann Siegfried Hufnagel: III. Continuation of the table of the nocturnal birds, which contains the 3rd species of the same, namely the tension knives (Phalaenas Geometras [sic] Linnaei). Berlinisches Magazin, 4 (6): 599-626, Berlin 1769 Online at SUB Göttingen (description p. 618–619)
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Kleinschmetterlinge or Microlepidoptera II. Die Wickler (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. 50th part., VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena 1964, p. 276
- ↑ Frantisek Slamka: The common moth (Pyraloidea) Central Europe: Determination - distribution - flight area - way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 8-096-75402-5 , p. 13
- ↑ Nymphula nitidulata in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved January 15, 2013
- ↑ Global Information System on Pyraloidea (GlobIZ). Retrieved January 15, 2013 .
