Vasily Jakowlewitsch Yeroshenko

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Vasily Jakowlewitsch Yeroshenko

Vasily Jakowlewitsch Jeroshenko ( Russian Василий Яковлевич Ерошенко ; born January 12, 1890 in Obuchowka, Belgorod Oblast ; † December 23, 1952 ibid) was a Russian and Soviet writer, Esperantist and educator for the blind .

biography

Jeroshenko came from a poor family and became completely blind at the age of four after contracting measles.

Around 1910 Jeroshenko met Anna Sharapova, the sister-in-law of Pavel Biryukov , the biographer of Lev Tolstoy . Sharapova recommended that he learn Esperanto and study music in England. Following her advice, he traveled to London in 1912 and was accepted to study at the Royal Normal College for the Blind (now the Royal National College for the Blind ). In 1914 he returned to Russia and was sent by the Rusa Esperanto-Federacio to Japan , where he taught Esperanto to the blind and met Akita Ujaku (( 秋田 雨 雀 ), pseudonym of Akita Tokuzō ( 秋田 徳 三 )), among others . He traveled to Siam and Burma , where he taught at an institute for the blind in Moulmein (now Mawlamyaing ). In 1918 he stayed in Calcutta , from where he was expelled by the British, after which he returned to Russia via Afghanistan .

In 1919 Jeroshenko went to Japan a second time, where he published children's books in Japanese with the help of the author and later MP Kamichika Ichiko ( 神 近 市 子 ). In 1920 he was portrayed by Nakamura Tsune ( 中 村 彝 ). In 1921, after taking part in a May Day demonstration and other political events, he was arrested and expelled. He was arrested by the anti-communist authorities in Vladivostok , but escaped and ended up in China disguised as a Chinese worker , where he taught Esperanto and Russian literature at Peking University and other institutions.

Lu Xun had read Jeroshenko's works in Japanese, and in 1922 a volume of Jeroshenko's works in Chinese was published ; Lu Xun had translated part of it from Japanese and Hu Yuzhi ( Chinese  胡 愈 之 , Pinyin Hú Yùzhī ) translated part of it from Esperanto into Chinese. Jeroshenko lived with Lu Xun and his brother Zhou Zuoren , who both spoke Esperanto. Cai Yuanpei and Lu Xun invited him to teach at Peking University. In Shanghai , Jeroshenko began to write in Esperanto. In 1922 he took part in the World Esperanto Congress in Helsinki , met Sen Katayama ( 片 山 潜 ) on the way and then returned to China. In 1923 he left China to take part in the Esperanto World Congress in Nuremberg , and in 1924 he returned to the Soviet Union, where he ran a kindergarten for the blind.

In 1929 Jeroshenko traveled to northeast Siberia to visit his brother and to find out about the situation of the blind among the Chukchi . On his return he wrote several articles in Esperanto about it, which appeared in Braille in the UK and other countries.

In 1931 Ba Jin published a collection of stories by Jeroshenko, some of which Lu Xun had translated from Japanese and Ba Jin himself translated some from Esperanto into Chinese. In 1934 Jeroshenko's collected works were published in Japanese.

In 1935 Jeroshenko went to Turkmenistan as a teacher . He escaped the Stalinist purges that affected many Esperanto speakers.

As early as 1956 Takasugi Ichirō ( 高杉 一郎 ) wrote a biography of Jeroshenko in Japanese; further biographies appeared in Russian, Ukrainian and Esperanto.

museum

In Stary Oskol there is a museum about Yeroshenko (Литературно-мемориальный музей Василия Ерошенко).

Works (selection)

  • Lumo kaj ombro ("Light and Shadow", 1979). Collection of stories, poems and articles written in China.
  • La Tundro ĝemas. El vivo de Ĉukĉoj ("The Trundra groans. From the life of the Chukchi", 1980).
  • La kruĉo da saĝeco ("The Jug of Wisdom", 1955). Four stories, the last works of the author.
  • Cikatro de amo ("A Scar of Love", 1996). With a foreword by Ba Jin.
  • Stranga kato ("A Strange Cat", 1983).

literature

  • Shōzō Fujii 藤井 省 三: Eroshenko no toshi monogatari. 1920-nendai Tōkyō, Shanhai, Pekinエ ロ シ ェ ン コ の 都市 物語. 1920 年代 東京 ・ 上海 ・ 北京. Tōkyō: Misuzu Shobō み す ず 書房, 1989.
  • Mine Yoshitaka峰 芳 隆: Sketcho pri la vivo de V. Eroŝenko. In: La Tundro ĝemas .
  • Geoffrey Sutton: Eroŝenko, Vasilij Jakovleviĉ. In: Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto 1887-2007 . New York: Mondial, 2008, pp. 107-113.

Web links
Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . So Kamichika is the family name, Ichiko is the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Jeroshenko, Wassili Jakowlewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ерошенко, Василий Яковлевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian writer and Esperantist
DATE OF BIRTH January 12, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Obuchowka, Kursk Governorate
DATE OF DEATH December 23, 1952
Place of death Obukhovka