Sen Katayama

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Sen Katayama

Sen Katayama ( Japanese 片 山 潜 , Katayama Sen ; * December 3, 1859 in Hadegi, Mimasaka Province (today: Kumenan , Okayama Prefecture ) as Sugatarō Yabuki (Japanese: Yabuki Sugatarō , 藪 木 菅 太郎 ); † November 5, 1933 in Moscow ) Japanese journalist , founder of the Social Democratic Party of Japan (1901), co-founder of the CPSU (1919), co-founder of the Communist Party of Japan (1922) and executive member of the Communist International .

Life

Sugatarō Yabuki was born as the second son of a farmer in Hadegi, a mountain village north of Okayama in the province of Mimasaka (now Okayama Prefecture ). In 1878 he was adopted and given the name Sen Katayama . He spent the first years of his life under the Tokugawa shogunate , which was overthrown in 1868 by the Meiji Restoration . He received his first elementary school education from a Japanese monk in Tokyo . In 1884 he emigrated to San Francisco to get a better education. He enrolled at Maryville University and in 1889 at Grinell University in Tennessee . With Richard Ely he heard lectures on German Socialism and read a biography about Ferdinand Lassalle , which influenced his further life. In 1893 he received the Bachelor of Arts for his work: "History of the Unification of Germany". 1895 finished an additional study of theology and returned to Japan in 1896.

His homeland had changed a lot. Capitalism had taken hold here and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 showed the aggressive nature of the new state. Sen Katayama founded a kindergarten and an evening school for working people with the help of a Christian missionary. He founded the first modern trade union in Japan, the Tekkō Kumiai metalworkers' union . With his comrades-in- arms Isoo Abe , Naoe Kinoshita and Shūsui Kōtoku , he founded the Social Democratic Party of Japan, which was banned on the day it was founded. In 1900 the government passed the "Police Law for the Maintenance of Law and Order" ( 治安 警察 法 , chian-keisatsu-hō ), which allowed the authorities to suppress any union activity. In 1901 Sen Katayama published his first newspaper article in German in the magazine “Die Zukunft” by Maximilian Harden .

He sent a welcoming letter to the Socialist Congress in Paris in 1900 . At this congress he was elected to the Socialist Bureau and with that began the official presence of the Japanese socialists in the Second International . After the victory of the German Social Democrats in the Reichstag election in 1903 , Katayama congratulated them. In 1904 he took part in the International Socialist Congress in Amsterdam . His speech was translated into German by Clara Zetkin and into French by Rosa Luxemburg . With the Russo-Japanese War of 1904/1905, the socialists in Japan had to ask themselves how they should react to these imperialist conflicts. Heimin Shimbun newspaper, run by Sen Katayama, stated, “The governments of Japan and Russia have ruthlessly unleashed a war in order to satisfy their imperialist desires. For the socialists there is no difference in race, country or nationality ”.

In 1911/12, Sen Katayama led a strike by Tokiyo tram drivers. He is arrested and sentenced to prison. After that, he returned to San Francisco. During the First World War he developed sympathy for Karl Liebknecht , kept in touch with Alexandra Kollontai , welcomed the February Revolution in 1917 and defended the October Revolution . He became a leading member of the United States Communist Party. After stays in Mexico and Canada , he traveled via France and Germany to Moscow to attend the Congress of Communist and Revolutionary Organizations in the Far East . At the 4th Congress of the Communist International at the end of 1922, he became a member of the Executive Committee and a member of the Presidium of the ECCI. He served in this capacity until his death.

His last appeal, which he addressed to Henri Barbusse and Romain Rolland , was for the liberation of Ernst Thalmann and the fight against German fascism . Sen Katayama died on November 5, 1933 and was buried on November 9 at the Kremlin wall . Stalin and Wilhelm Pieck carried the coffin, among others . 150,000 thousand people attended the funeral.

Works (selection)

  • Socialism in japan . In: The future . Berlin August 24, 1901.
  • Industry and Socialism in Japan . In: The new time . Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 28.1909-1910, 1st volume (1910), issue 25, pp. 874-880. Digitized
  • Japanese-American problems . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy. 28.1909-1910, volume 2 (1910), issue 47, pp. 732-742. Digitized
  • The political conditions in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 29.1910-1911, Volume 1 (1911), Issue 4, pp. 107-111. Digitized
  • The exploitation of workers in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 29.1910-1911, Volume 2 (1911), Issue 52, pp. 917-921. Digitized
  • The social movement in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 30.1911-1912, Volume 1 (1912), Issue 21, pp. 743-745. Digitized
  • The increase in food prices in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 31.1912-1913, Volume 1 (1913), Issue 21, pp. 766-768. Digitized
  • The position of women Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 31.1912-1913, Volume 2 (1913), Issue 40, pp. 500-503. Digitized
  • August Bebel in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, Volume 1 (1914), Issue 4, pp. 123-124. Digitized
  • The collapse of the bureaucratic regime in Japan . In: The new time. Weekly of the German Social Democracy . 32.1913-1914, Volume 2 (1914), Issue 1 = 27, pp. 16-20. Digitized
  • The Labor Movement in Japan . Charles H. Kerr, Chicago 1918. Digitized
  • The Eta Movement. A powerful revolutionary factor in the coming proletarian emancipation struggles in Japan . In: The Communist International , No. 28–30, 1923, pp. 114–121.
  • Universal suffrage in Japan . In: The Communist International , 6th year, 1924, special issue, pp. 39–47.
  • Korean workers in Japan . In: The Red Trade Union International. Organ of the enforcement office of the RGI . 4th year 1924, p. 415 ff.
  • China and Japan . In: The Red Trade Union International. Organ of the enforcement office of the RGI . 5th year 1925, pp. 141-144.
  • Japan under the spell of the global economic crisis . In: The Communist International , 11 vol., 1939, pp. 441–454.

literature

  • Encounters with Lenin. As told by Clara Zetkin, Sen Katayama, Fritz Heckert , William Gallacher , WP Koralow, Tom Bell , Marcel Cachin , Gaston Monmousseau, Robert Minor, Friedl Fürnberg , Wilhelm Pieck . Foreign Language Publishing House, Moscow 1939.
  • Hyman Kublin: Asian revolutionary. The life of Sen Katayama . Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ 1964.
  • Lev Vladimirovic Rubinstejn: Put 'v tysjacu ri .Povest' o S · en Katajame . Moscow 1971.
  • Hyman Kublin: A Bibliography of the Writings of Sen Katayama in Western Languages. In: Journal of Asian Studies , Ann Arbor, Mich. ISSN  0021-9118 , (1951: Nov.) 71.
  • The history of the Second International . Volume 1, Progress, Moscow 1983, p. 610 ff., P. 781 ff.
  • Rudolf Hartmann: The Beginnings of the Socialist Movement in Japan and German Social Democracy. In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement . ISSN  0005-8068 Volume 26, Issue 2. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1984, pp. 170-183.
  • Rudolf Hartmann: Japanese revolutionary and proletarian internationalist. Sen Katayama . In: Contributions to the history of the labor movement . ISSN  0005-8068 Volume 26, Issue 2. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1984, pp. 238-246.
  • Akiti Yamanouchi: Unpublished Letters of Sen Katayama to Karl Kautsky , 1907-1915. In: Memoirs of the Faculty of Education, Miyazaki Univ. (Japan), No. 58, Sept 1985.
  • Helga Picht: Katayama Sen - a Japanese internationalist . In: Urania Universe . Volume 32. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1986, pp. 437-442.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ City of Kumenan: 町 の 先人 た ち
  2. ^ Rudolf Hartmann: Japanese revolutionary and proletarian internationalist. Sen Katayama , p. 238.
  3. ↑ Sen Katayama: Waga kaiso (My memories). Volume 1, Tokyo 1967, p. 219 quoted from Rudolf Hartmann: Japanese Revolutionary and Proletarian Internationalist. Sen Katayama , p. 239.
  4. ↑ Manfred Pohl: Japan. 4., completely reworked. Beck, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-406-48104-3 , p. 151.
  5. ^ International Congress of Socialists in Paris. September 23-27, 1900 . Berlin 1900, p. 5.
  6. ↑ Forward . Berlin November 29, 1903.
  7. ↑ Heimin Shimbun March 13, 1904. Quoted from: Rudolf Hartmann: The beginnings of the socialist movement in Japan and the German social democracy , p. 181.
  8. ↑ Five months, excluding the four months of pre-trial detention. (Rudolf Hartmann: Japanese revolutionary and proletarian internationalist. Sen Katayama , p. 243.)
  9. ↑ Sen Katayama: I appeal to the proletarians all over the world . In: Rundschau 19/1933, September.
  10. ^ Rudolf Hartmann: Japanese revolutionary and proletarian internationalist. Sen Katayama , p. 246.
  11. ↑ Partially reprinted Vorwärts , Berlin. August 24, 1901.
  12. ↑ Chapter: The Labor Movement in Japan. The Acts Katayama Sen .
  13. ↑ Chapter: The first social democratic organizations. The agitation of the socialists against the war .
personal data
SURNAME Katayama, Sen
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Yabuki, Sugatarō (maiden name); 片 山 潜 (Japanese); 藪 木 菅 太郎 (maiden name, Japanese)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese Marxist and journalist
DATE OF BIRTH December 3, 1859
PLACE OF BIRTH Hadegi, Mimasaka Province
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 1933
Place of death Moscow