Whitebeard shadow hummingbird

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Whitebeard shadow hummingbird
Whitebeard shadow hummingbird

Whitebeard shadow hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type : Whitebeard shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Phaethornis hispidus
( Gould , 1846)

The whiskered shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis hispidus ) or whitebeared hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) found in Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru and Brazil . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The whitebeard shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 13.0 to 14.0 cm, with a weight of about 4.0 to 6.0 g. The crown of the head, the cheeks and the sides of the neck are gray-brown, the back and the wing covers are bronze-green. The stripes above the eyes , the beard and the chin, as well as the middle of the abdomen are whitish or more or less gray-ocher. The wings are blackish purple. The blackish tail feathers have white tips. The central control feathers are greenish at the roots and have long white tips. The upper bill is black, the lower bill yellow with black tips. The feet are brown. The under tail-coverts have gray hems. The female has shorter wings and a slightly more curved beak. Young birds are distinguished by ocher-colored borders on the under tail coverts.

Behavior and nutrition

The whiskered shadow hummingbird feeds on nectar like other hummingbirds . It also feeds on small arthropods . As a trapliner, it flies regularly in quick succession to very specific, scattered flowers.

Reproduction

The breeding season is only known locally. There are reports of breeding activities in June from Colombia. Data on gonadal activity indicate that it breeds in June, August, and December to April in Colombia, December in Ecuador, July to December in Peru, and July to September in Bolivia. The animals attach the cone-shaped nest to the underside of a long hanging leaf. The clutch consists of two white eggs. The nestlings fledge after 20 to 22 days.

Vocalizations

The song consists of a continuous series of bright sip tones, which the bird emits at a frequency of one tone per 1.5 seconds. They often meet at leks , where some males gather on branches in the undergrowth and sing. The call here sounds like a short explosive pip .

distribution and habitat

Distribution area (green) of the whitebeard shadow hummingbird

The whitebeard shadow hummingbird prefers the humid lowland areas mostly in flooded habitats. He moves along rivers, in Várzea and transition forests. It is less common in secondary vegetation, heliconias or bamboo thickets, swamp forests and plantations. Outside of the humid lowland areas, it can be found in more humid areas such as gallery forests , Campos cerrados , Llanos and deciduous forests. Its occurrence is mainly in the lowlands, but it can occur in the Peruvian Andes at altitudes of up to 1200 meters.

Subspecies

The species is considered to be monotypical . Trochilus Oseryi Bourcier & Mulsant , 1852 and Phaethornis villosus Lawrence , 1858 are synonyms for the nominate form.

migration

The migration behavior of the whitebeard shadow hummingbird has not yet been researched.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the white beard shadow hummingbirds carried out in 1846 by John Gould under the scientific name Trochilus hispidus . The type specimens came from Peru. In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)). The term “Phaethornis” is derived from the Greek words “phaethōn Φαέθων ” for “the shining one, the shining one” and “órnis όρνις ” for “bird”. The species name "hispidus" is the Latin word for "hairy, stubble, shaggy". "Oseryi" is dedicated to Viscount Alexandre Victor Eugène Hulot d'Osery (1818–1846). »Villosus« is derived from »villus« for »ruffled hair«.

literature

  • Christoph Hinkelmann , Guy Maxwell Kirwan , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: White-bearded Hermit (Phaethornis hispidus) In: Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Rolf Grantsau: The hummingbirds of Brazil . Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: On twenty new species of Trochilidae or Humming Birds . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 14 , no. 164 , 1846, pp. 85-90 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of the quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie (=  2 ). tape 4 , 1852, p. 139-144 ( gallica.bnf.fr ).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Descriptions of Seven New Species of Humming-Birds . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 6 , 1858, pp. 258-264 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Whitebeard shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis hispidus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Christoph Hinkelmann u. a.
  2. ↑ Rolf Grantsau, p. 38.
  3. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  4. ↑ Jules Bourcier (1852) and a., p. 139.
  5. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence (1858) and a., p. 259.
  6. ^ John Gould (1846), p. 90
  7. ^ William Swainson, p. 441.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 301
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 193
  10. ↑ Jules Bourcier (1852) and a., p. 141.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 401