White brown elk

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White brown elk
White brown ella (Prunella laciniata)

White brown ella ( Prunella laciniata )

Systematics
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Nepetoideae
Tribe : Mentheae
Sub tribus : Nepetinae
Genre : Brown cells ( Prunella )
Type : White brown elk
Scientific name
Prunella laciniata
(L.) L.

The Prunella laciniata ( Prunella laciniata ) is a plant from the genus of Brown Ellen ( Prunella ) in the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

description

Stem with pinnately split leaves.

Shoot and leaves

The perennial herbaceous plant has a short, richly rooted base axis. The stem (at least on the edges), the leaves, bracts and calyxes are mostly covered with white, somewhat frizzy limb hairs. The stem is ascending to upright, often knotty and 5 to 30 cm high.

The lower leaves are heaped in rosettes , broad, with a stalk up to 3 cm long and 1 to 5 cm long and 0.5 to 1.5 cm wide, ovate-elliptical, entire or slightly bulged, slightly pinnate, with dense shaggy hair on both sides Spreite.

The stem leaves are up to 7 cm long, usually less hairy, with entire margins or more often pinnate, with 2 to 3 linear, blunt, often more or less lobed pinnae on each side.

Flower: the upper lip of the calyx is trimmed and its teeth are almost missing.
Filaments and style: the two longer filaments have a thorn-shaped tooth below the anther.

Flowers and fruits

The flowers are 15 to 18 mm long and sit in dense, 2 to 6 cm long pseudo- spikes that are not stalked over the uppermost stem leaves . The bracts are wider than they are long, have a sharply defined tip and are green on the edge and on the networked nerves (often more or less purple). They are wire-haired, in between white-skinned and more or less bald. The calyx is about 12 mm long, the upper lip has a broad, trimmed and short-pointed central tooth and much narrower, triangular side teeth. The lower lip has much narrower and longer teeth. The crown is yellowish-white, mostly glabrous, with an approximately 11 mm long, gradually widening tube and an approximately 5 mm long, slightly downy upper lip and 4 to 5 mm long, turned-down lower lip. The front stamens have an almost 1 mm long, slightly forward curved tooth, the rear have a much shorter, somewhat backward curved process.

The Klausen are about 2 to 2.5 mm long.

Possible confusion

Prunella laciniata is often associated with Prunella vulgaris f. leucantha confused. However, apart from the much thicker hair and the larger flowers, it can also be distinguished by the structure of the stem: The outer layers of the stem bark, which is only supported by poorly developed collenchyme, consist of large, colorless parenchyma , while the inner layers consist of smaller, chlorophyll-rich cells .

Heyday

The species blooms from June to August.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28 or 32.

Distribution and location requirements

Prunella laciniata occurs in the entire Mediterranean area, in Europe north to the Belgian limestone region, east Germany, Hungary, southern Russia, east to the Caucasus and northern Iran, south to the Atlas countries.

Prunella laciniata is originally a Mediterranean species , but is also fairly widespread in Central Europe, and is found scattered or rarely in the central and southwestern part of Germany. While it does not have very high demands on location in the south and thrives in very different meadow types, it is limited to dry limestone slopes on its northern border .

The White Brownelle grows in dry, poor meadows, on stony southern slopes, on brook rubble and in light oak and pine trees. In Central Europe it is a species of the Festuco-Brometea class, but also occurs in societies of the associations Cirsio-Brachypodion or Geranion sanguinei. Only in exceptional cases does it rise higher than the grapevine, for example in Tyrol up to 1300 m above sea level .

Species protection

Hazard in Germany: Category 3+: endangered . The species should not be collected because of its rarity and endangerment!

Bastardization

The species of the genus Prunella have a strong tendency to form hybrids . Often they are not recognized as such because in many cases one of the parents (especially the rarer Prunella laciniata ) is missing or has been overlooked. The hybrids survive when, for example, Prunella laciniata is no longer present. Hybrid forms, in which Prunella laciniata is a parent, can be recognized by certain typical characteristics. Confusion is possible due to white-flowered forms of Prunella vulgaris (f. Leucantha ). However, these are less hairy and the flowers are much smaller.

  • Prunella laciniata × Prunella vulgaris = Prunella × intermedia Link . Special features of the specimens shown: flowers white with purple spots, stem leaves both entire and pinnate in all variations.

  • Prunella laciniata × Prunella vulgaris = Prunella × intermedia Link . Special features of the specimens shown: flowers white, all leaves with entire margins

  • Prunella laciniata × Prunella grandiflora = Prunella × dissecta Wenderoth . Special features of the specimens shown: flowers large, white, leaves mostly pinnate. Pseudo-spikes clearly stalked over the uppermost leaves.

  • Prunella vulgaris f. leucantha Schur . Not a hybrid with Prunella laciniata , but a white-flowering form of Prunella vulgaris . Characteristic: habit of Prunella vulgaris , but white flowers.

swell

literature

  • Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 4: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (4) (Labiatae - Solanaceae) . Carl Hanser and Paul Parey, Munich and Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-78021-3 , pp. 2378–2379 (unchanged reprint from 1927 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 .
  2. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Prunella laciniata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 15, 2019.
  3. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  799 .

Web links

Commons : White Braunelle ( Prunella laciniata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files