Willow-yellowthroat

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Willow-yellowthroat
Yellow throat (Geothlypis trichas)

Yellow throat ( Geothlypis trichas )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Passeroidea
Family : Wood Warbler (Parulidae)
Genre : Yellow throat ( Geothlypis )
Type : Willow-yellowthroat
Scientific name
Geothlypis trichas
( Linnaeus , 1766)

The willow yellow throat ( Geothlypis trichas ) is a songbird from the wood warbler family (Parulidae).

description

The male has a black face, which is bordered above with a white to gray stripe, and a yellow throat area. The lower side plumage is white to brownish, the upper side plumage olive green. In the thirteen subspecies, the face mask, the throat area and the underside plumage differ only slightly in the male. In the southwestern species, the underside plumage is lighter and the throat area more yellow. The black face mask is missing in the females.

behavior

Yellow-throats feed mainly on insects that they find in the dense vegetation. Occasionally, seeds are also picked up.

The willow yellow throat breeds between April and June. The female lays three to five white to creamy-white brown or black-spotted eggs in a bowl-shaped nest that is created in the dense vegetation. Both parent animals take part in the rearing of the chicks, which hatch after about twelve days. After a further eight days, the young birds leave the nest. A common brood parasite of the willow yellow throat is the brown-headed cowbird ( Molothrus ater ).

Distribution and existence

Willow-yellow throats breed in swamps, pastures and other wet habitats with dense, low vegetation in North America , from Alaska to Canada to central Mexico. In winter they move to Central America and are also a rare guest in Western Europe . In some regions there has been local population decline due to the destruction of their habitats. Willow yellow throats, however, are generally still to be found in large numbers.

Subspecies

So far fourteen subspecies are known:

  • Geothlypis trichas trichas ( Linnaeus , 1766) - The nominate form occurs in southeastern Canada and the east, but not in the southeastern United States .
  • Geothlypis trichas typhicola Burleigh , 1934 - This subspecies is distributed inland in the southeastern United States.
  • Geothlypis trichas ignota Chapman , 1890 _ This subspecies occurs in the coastal regions of the southeastern United States.
  • Geothlypis trichas insperata van Tyne , 1933 - This subspecies is found in southern Texas in the south-central part of the United States.
  • Geothlypis trichas campicola Behle & Aldrich , 1947- This subspecies occurs in the inner west of Canada , the northwest and north-central area of ​​the USA.
  • Geothlypis trichas arizela Oberholser , 1899 - This subspecies occurs on the coasts of western Canada, the western USA and northwestern Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas occidentalis Brewster , 1883 - This subspecies is present in the western central area of ​​the United States.
  • Geothlypis trichas sinuosa Grinnell , 1901 - This subspecies occurs in northern California in the western United States.
  • Geothlypis trichas scirpicola Grinnell , 1901 - This subspecies is common in the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas chryseola van Rossem , 1930 - This subspecies occurs in the southwest and south-central parts of the United States as well as western-central Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas melanops Baird, SF , 1865 - The subspecies is common in central Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas modesta Nelson , 1900 - This subspecies occurs in western Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas chapalensis Nelson , 1903 - This subspecies occurs at Lake Chapala in Jalisco in western central Mexico.
  • Geothlypis trichas riparia van Rossem , 1941 - The subspecies is distributed in southern Sonora in northwestern Mexico.

Etymology and history of research

Carl von Linné described the willow yellow throat under the name Turdus Trichas . He stated North America as the location of the type specimen . It was Jean Louis Cabanis who in 1847 first introduced the new genus Geothlypis for Trichas Swainson in 1827, as this genus name had already been assigned a month earlier by Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger and was therefore documented. This name is made up of the Greek words "geō-, gē γεω-, γη " for "ground, earth" and "thlupis θλυπις " for an "unknown little bird". The epithet "trichas" derives from "trikhas τριχας " for "a kind of choke" off. Typhicola is a Latin word composed of "typhus" for "cattail" and "-cola, colere" for "-habitant, inhabit". Ignota comes from "ignotus" for "obscure, unknown". Insperata is derived from "insperatus" for "unexpected". Campicola is made up of "campus, campi" for "field" and "-cola, colere". Arizela is derived from »arizēlos αριζηλος « for »amazing, conspicuous«. "Occidentalis, occidens, occidentis" is of Latin origin and means "western, west". Sinuosa is derived from "sinuosus" for "full of curves". Scirpicola is made up of "scirpus" for "reed" and "-cola, colere". Chryseola is derived from "khryseos, khrysos χρυσεος, χρυσος " for a "golden, gold". Melanops is a combination of "melas, melanos μελας, μελανος " for "black" and "ōps, ōpos ωψ, ωπος " for "face". Modesta is derived from »modestus« for »simple, modest«. Chapalensis stands for the place where it was found, Lake Chapala. Riparia has its origin in »riparius« for »building the nest on the bank« from »ripa« for »river bank«.

literature

  • Jon Curson, David Quinn, David Beadle: New World Warblers. Helm, London 1994, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6 .
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 13th edition. tape 1 . Typis Ioannis Thomae, Vindobona 1766 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: Critical Notes on Some Yellowthroats of the Pacific Southwest . In: The Condor . tape 32 , no. 6 , 1930, p. 297–300 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 237 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: Further Notes on Some Southwestern Yellowthroats . In: The Condor . tape 43 , no. 6 , 1941, pp. 291–292 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 182 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Thomas Dearborn Burleigh: Description of a new subspecies of yellow-throat, Geothfypis trichas, from Georgia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 47 , 1934, pp. 21–22 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Frank Michler Chapman : On the Eastern Forms of Geothlypis Trichas . In: The Auk . tape 7 , no. 1 , 1890, p. 9–14 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 270 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Josselyn Van Tyne: Some birds of the Rio Grande delta of Texas . In: Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan . No. 255 , 1933, pp. 1-4 .
  • William Harroun Behle, John Warren Aldrich: Description of a new yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) from the northern Rocky Mountain-Great Plains region . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 60 , 1947, pp. 69-72 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Harry Church Oberholser : Description of a New Geothlypis . In: The Auk . tape 16 , no. 3 , 1899, pp. 256–258 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 113 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Joel Asaph Allen, William Brewster: Lists of birds observed in the vicinity of colorado springs, colorado, during March, April and May . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 8 , 1883, p. 151–161 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Joseph Grinnell: The Pacific Coast Yellowthroats . In: The Condor . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1901, pp. 65–66 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 158 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Spencer Fullerton Baird: Review of American birds in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution . tape 1 . Smithsonian Institution, Washington 1872 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of Thirty New North American Birds, In the Biological Survey Collection. In: The Auk . tape 17 , no. 3 , 1900, p. 253–270 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 742 kB ; accessed on March 18, 2015]).
  • Edward William Nelson: Description of new birds from Southern Mexico . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 16 , 1903, pp. 151-160 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Ornithological Notes . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 13 , 1847, p. 308-352 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • William Swainson: On several Groups and Forms in Ornithology, no hitherto defined . In: The Zoological journal . tape 3 , no. 15 , 1827, pp. 158-175 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).
  • Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger: Something about some ornithological generic names . In: Notes from the field of nature and medicine . tape 16 , no. 18 , 1827, pp. 275-279 ( biodiversitylibrary.org [accessed March 18, 2015]).

Web links

Commons : Willow-Yellow-throated  Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Willow throats  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

swell

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List New World warblers & oropendolas
  2. ↑ a b Carl von Linné, p. 293.
  3. ^ Thomas Dearborn Burleigh, p. 21.
  4. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman, p. 11.
  5. ↑ Josselyn Van Tyne, p. 3.
  6. ^ Harry Church Oberholser, p. 257.
  7. ^ Joel Asaph Allen et al. a., p. 159.
  8. ↑ a b Joseph Grinnell, p. 65.
  9. ^ Adriaan Joseph van Rossem (1930), p. 298.
  10. ^ Spencer Fullerton Baird, pp. 219, 222.
  11. ^ Edward William Nelson (1900), p. 269.
  12. ^ A b Edward William Nelson (1903), p. 156.
  13. ^ Adriaan Joseph van Rossem (1941), p. 292.
  14. ^ Jean Louis Cabanis, pp. 316, 349.
  15. ^ William Swainson, p. 167.
  16. ^ Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger, p. 278.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 172.
  18. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 389.
  19. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 393.
  20. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 202.
  21. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 205.
  22. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 87.
  23. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 55.
  24. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 278.
  25. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 357.
  26. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 351.
  27. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 104.
  28. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 247.
  29. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 257.
  30. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 336.