Hans Tombrock

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Hans-Tombrock-Strasse in Hörde

Hans Tombrock (born July 21, 1895 in Benninghofen (today Dortmund ), † August 18, 1966 in Stuttgart ) was a German painter.

Life

Tombrock's father Joseph was a boiler maker , later a miner . He came from Düren , his wife Christina from Bad Wünnenberg . The parents married in Hörde in 1875. He was born as the youngest of sixteen siblings and baptized Christian Johann Rudolph. His nickname was shortened to Hans. Tombrock was married six times and had seven children from those marriages.

education

At the age of fourteen he began training as a painter, which he broke off after a week. Then he found work in a colliery . As a horse boy, tug and assistant to the repairman, he drove into the mine at the age of sixteen. This is where Tombrock began to draw. Tombrock escaped from his work in the colliery several times. He went to Hamburg , Bremerhaven and Antwerp and became a cabin boy. When he was eighteen he was hired on a Lloyd steamer and went to America .

At the beginning of the First World War , Tombrock volunteered for the Navy . He came to the Marine Corps in Flanders . In 1918 he deserted and took part in the November Revolution in Kiel. At the end of the war he joined the Communist Party . He found work at the Hörder Hüttenwerk Phönix . However, he lost his job due to political speeches that were considered insubordinate. During the riots in 1919 he was arrested as a Spartakist leader . In 1920 he took part in the armed struggle against the Kapp Putsch and marched into Dortmund with the Red Ruhr Army . He was then sentenced to a long prison term. He is said to have shortened this by making himself available as an informer for the Reichswehr . However Podehl puts this statement in his book Hans Tombrock. The painter from Hörde , in which he points to further contradictions in the media of the time and the statements of other KPD members of that time.

hikes

In 1924 Tombrock was released from prison. He began his vagabond life and wandered through Germany , Austria and Yugoslavia . He earned money by making drawings, which he sold for a sandwich, a bowl of soup or a few pfennigs. He got to know the objects of his art on the street: bums, whores, cripples, drunkards, tramps and other tipple brothers. In 1928 he met Gregor Gog , the founder of the Brotherhood of Vagabonds . Gog was a huge influence on Tombrock. He gave him new creative and political impulses. Now he wanted to depict the suffering and fate of the poor and the oppressed in his art. Tombrock also published his first larger work, the vagabond folder, in 1928. The first Eulenspiegel pictures were also created between 1929 and 1931 . In 1930 the Kunsthalle Mannheim acquired his water-colored chalk drawing Eulenspiegel III in the year it was made. The writer Paul Polte accompanied Tombrock at times on his wanderings . At that time Tombrock lived with his wife and son in Dortmund.

exile

In 1933 Tombrock fled from the National Socialists to Switzerland . In 1934 he traveled to the Canary Islands to cure a lung disease. He finally migrated to Sweden with his family via Austria , Czechoslovakia , Poland , Latvia and Estonia . He settled there in 1937 with his wife and child near Stockholm . He was stripped of his German citizenship by the Nazis .

In 1939 he met Bertolt Brecht at an anti-fascist discussion event. A friendship and a fruitful collaboration developed between the two, which culminated in the illustration of Brecht's Das Leben des Galilei . In 1941 Brecht emigrated to the USA, Tombrock was refused entry to the USA. On October 10, 1946, Tombrock returned to Dortmund with his wife Tina and their daughter Solveig. His first point of contact in Aplerbeck were his former comrades like Hans and Anton Kalt .

The Stockholm collaboration with Brecht is reflected in Peter Weiss ' novel The Aesthetics of Resistance , in which Brecht and Tombrock act as characters in the plot.

Hörder painting school

In 1947 he founded his school for fine and applied arts in Dortmund . The school was initially located at the Stiftsschule in Hörde , later the building of the former Army Equipment Office in Aplerbeck (today the location of the Materials Testing Office in North Rhine-Westphalia ). In addition to Tombrock, the following teachers were active at this school: Will Schwarz ( architect ), Karel Niestrath , Curt Doehler , Heinrich Adolfs ( sculptor ), Willy Willmann ( set designer ), Otto May , Erich Ludwig ( painter ), Bernhard Temming ( graphic artist ). His students came not only from Dortmund, but also from Düsseldorf , Altenberg , Gelsenkirchen and other cities. A well-known Dortmund student was Walter Demgen .

Professorships

In 1949 Tombrock went to the GDR and taught at the state college for architecture and fine arts in Weimar . 1952 to 1953 he teaches at the University of Applied Arts in Berlin-Weißensee . Brecht had also lived there since 1949. Both continued their collaboration.

In 1953 Tombrock left the GDR, whose ideological narrowness he could no longer bear, and went to the West with the majority of his students. He lived and worked as a freelance artist in Hamburg, Dortmund and Stuttgart, but also spent long periods of time painting on the Canary Islands and in Morocco .

Works (selection)

  • Hello , 1928
  • Striking miners, white chalk and charcoal on cardboard, 1930
  • Sleepy worker at the table Charcoal drawing, 1931
  • Mother with child in front of an urban landscape Colored chalk drawing on light cardboard, 1937
  • Illustration: Bert Brecht The Life of Galileo , 1939
  • Don Quixote etching, 1939
  • Colliery Helena-Alten Essen Various techniques on cardboard, 1962
  • Archipelago with an old hut Oil on hardboard, 1965
  • Southern Landscape Landscape, oil on hardboard, 1966

Exhibitions

  • Joint exhibition by the artist group Brotherhood of Poverty , May 21, 1929 at the Kunsthaus Hirlinger, Stuttgart
  • Hans Tombruck - Landscapes / Faces / Compositions / People / On the Times and on Bertolt Brecht , October to November 1965, gallery in the town hall Südwall, Dortmund
  • Residence Nowhere , Museum am Ostwall , 1982
  • Hans Tombrock and his art school , February 3 to 29, 1996, Dortmund City Hall on Friedensplatz
  • Pictures of poverty , on the 30th anniversary of death, November 1996, Ahlen family education center
  • Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - An artist friendship in Scandinavian exile, 2004, Berlin - Exhibition by the Fritz-Hüser-Institute Dortmund.
  • Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - An artist friendship in Scandinavian exile, February to April 2006 in the Arbetets Museum Laxholmen , Norrköping, Sweden - Exhibition by the Fritz Hüser Institute , Dortmund
  • Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - touring exhibition of the Swedish "Folkets hus och parker" through 10 different Swedish people's houses, September 2006 to April 2007 - exhibition of the Fritz-Hüser-Institute, Dortmund
  • Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - An artist friendship in Scandinavian exile, September 9th - December 16th, 2007 in the LWL-Industriemuseum Zeche Zollern , Dortmund - Exhibition of the Fritz-Hüser-Institute, Dortmund
  • Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - An artist friendship in Swedish exile, September 19 to October 5, 2008 in Haus Sankt Martin am Autoberg, specialist facility for the homeless, Frankfurter Straße 43, 65795 Hattersheim am Main, exhibition by the Fritz-Hüser-Institute, Dortmund.

Others

The city of Dortmund named the new access road to the sailing port on the south bank of the Phoenix lake in Dortmund-Hörde after him. Hans-Tombrock-Strasse leads from Hermannstrasse to Phoenixseestrasse.World icon

literature

  • Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Ed.): Residence: Nirgendwo. About life and survival on the street. Exhibition catalog, 1982, pp. 287–289.
  • Walter Fahnders, Henning Zimpel (ed.): The era of the vagabonds. (= Writings of the Fritz-Hüser-Institut, 19), Klartext Verlag, Essen 2009, ISBN 978-3-89861-655-3 , pp. 40, 69, 135, 167, 179, 225.
  • Klaus Kösters: Hans Tombrock (1895–1966) . In: Klaus Kösters (ed.): Adaptation - Survival - Resistance: Artists in National Socialism. Aschendorff Verlag, Münster 2012, ISBN 978-3-402-12924-1 , pp. 219-225.
  • Rainer Noltenius (Ed.): Bertolt Brecht and Hans Tombrock - An artist friendship in Scandinavian exile. Exhibition catalog, Klartext Verlag, Essen 2004, ISBN 3-89861-286-4 .
    • Swedish edition: Brecht och Tombrock i svensk exil, ord och bild i samverkan. Translated by Ingegärd Martinell. Författarna och Bilda Förlag, Sweden, ISBN 91-574-7853-8 .
  • Heinz Georg Podehl: Hans Tombrock, the painter from Hörde. Ed. Podehl, Dortmund 1996.
  • Heinz Georg Podehl: The Hans Tombrock School. One report and 84 heads. Wulff, Dortmund 1985, ISBN 3-88090-092-2 .
  • Jonny Rieger: Worthy of a Don Quixote named Tombrock. Vagabond art exhibition , Frölich and Kaufmann, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-88725-070-2 , pp. 369-404.
  • Tombrock, Hans . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 4 : Q-U . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1958, p. 456 .

Web links

Commons : Hans Tombrock  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Heinz Georg Podehl: Hans Tombrock. The painter from Hörde. 1996, pp. 20-21.
  2. ^ Günther Högl: Hans Tombrock (1895–1966). In: Günther Högl, Thomas Schilp (Ed.): Hörde. Contributions to the history of the city. 650 years of town rights Hörde (1340–1990). Wittmaack, Dortmund 1990, ISBN 3-9802117-3-8 .
  3. ^ Heinz Georg Podehl: Hans Tombrock. The painter from Hörde. 1996, p. 26.
personal data
SURNAME Tombrock, Hans
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tombrock, Christian Johann Rudolph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Benninghofen
DATE OF DEATH 18th August 1966
Place of death Stuttgart