Phoenix lake

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Phoenix lake
Dortmund - PO-Phoenix-See + Hörde (Kaiserberg) 02 ies.jpg
Phoenix Lake with development on the west bank (June 2014)
Geographical location North Rhine-Westphalia
Places on the shore Dortmund
Data
Coordinates 51 ° 29 '24 "  N , 7 ° 30' 36"  E Coordinates: 51 ° 29 '24 "  N , 7 ° 30' 36"  E
Phoenix-See (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Phoenix lake
surface 24 ha
length 1.23 km
width 310 m
volume 672,000 m³
Maximum depth 4.6 m
Middle deep 2.8 m
Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / VERIFICATION LAKE WIDTH Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / EVIDENCE VOLUME Template: Infobox Lake / Maintenance / VERIFICATION MAX DEPTH

The Phoenix-See is an artificially created lake on the former steelworks area Phoenix-Ost in Dortmund 's Hörde district . It was and is being discussed as a lighthouse project that is intended to initiate structural change in the city of Dortmund in an exemplary manner.

The project

Plan of the Phoenix Lake with renovation, 2006

The Phoenix Lake and the surrounding area form a residential and recreational area with restaurants and commercial buildings. The Phoenix-See-Entwicklungsgesellschaft, a subsidiary of the Dortmunder Stadtwerke , the Emschergenossenschaft and the City of Dortmund were responsible for planning and construction . The location is the 96 hectare site of the former Hermannshütte in Hörde ( Hörder Bergwerks- und Hütten-Verein ).

The still water has a length of 1230 meters, a maximum width of 310 meters and a maximum depth of about 4.6 meters. The area is about 24 hectares and the capacity is about 600,000 m³. The lake is also a building block in the renaturation of the Emscher , a tributary of the Rhine. Its design as a rainwater retention basin protects the downstream residential and commercial buildings on the banks of the Emscher from flooding. It can be held back at the Mönchsbauwerk in the harbor basin and discharged back into the Emscher in a controlled manner. If necessary, the lake can also absorb up to 360,000 m³ of rainwater. Together with the 115 hectare Phoenix-West Technology Park located around two kilometers to the west and the 60-hectare Phoenix Park to the north, the lake has changed the image of Hördes, which was formerly characterized by heavy industry.

Around 2,000 residential units have been built at Lake Phoenix. While one and two-family houses were predominantly built on the north and north-east banks, there are different types of housing with higher residential densities on the south bank of the lake. On the south-western side of the lake there is an office building with penthouse apartments on the upper floors. So far 121 companies with 1200 employees have set up shop at Phoenixsee. 70% of the companies come from the service and catering sector and 16% of the companies are from the media / IT sector and there is even a manufacturing company. The extent to which the installation of high-quality living space and the establishment of service and technology companies on the site of the former steelworks has contributed to the displacement ( gentrification ) of economically marginalized groups in the traditional working class district of Hörde has been and is controversially discussed (controversy over gentrification in Hörde).

financing

The city of Dortmund bought the total area of ​​98 hectares from Thyssen Krupp Stahl AG for approx. 15 million euros. Originally, 186 million euros were budgeted for redesigning the site, but in the end it was 230 million euros. Almost half of this sum is financed through the property proceeds, through the shares of the Emschergenossenschaft, through the city's own shares and through public funding. A total of 70 million euros in funding went into the project. Of this, 9.8 million euros were funds for urban renewal and 4.5 million euros from the ecology program in the Emscher-Lippe region (ÖPEL) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the EU. The urban renewal funds went to the residential areas adjacent to the lake, the public paths and green spaces as well as the squares and streets in the harbor district. The ÖPEL funds flowed into the creation of the lake, its planting and the construction of the landscaping structure adjacent to the east, the new "Kaiserberg" on the eastern edge of the area.

Rehabilitation of the floor

Phoenixsee bottom profile
Landscaping structure Neuer Kaiserberg, element of soil rehabilitation

Since there was already a steel mill on the site in 1841, it was assumed that the soil was polluted. On the basis of the examined parameters, the underground or internal or external landfill was prescribed. The artificially created new “Kaiserberg” on the eastern edge of the area shows that the 'controlled reinstallation' is the cheapest security measure (see photo: landscaping): Contaminated soil material was built into the subsoil so that the residents do not normally come into contact with it. But when founding a house, planting trees, etc., the purchase contract obliges the new property owner in the so-called reference document to dispose of this excavated soil as LAGA -Z1 material on a landfill for a fee (state working group on waste, M20). It may not be distributed or reinstalled on your own premises.

The only "renovation" consists in the application of 0.5 m of clean topsoil (class Z0 according to LAGA), which was imposed on the buyer. The entire site is still listed in the contaminated land register of the city of Dortmund, which guarantees the city extensive rights of intervention and makes all changes by the property owners subject to approval - contrary to the statements of the marketing documents that the floor is “clean”, “natural”, “unpolluted” or “free of restrictions” ". The reports that are not publicly available can be viewed due to the Freedom of Information Act of North Rhine-Westphalia.

The origin of the pollutants can be traced back to industrial history: In 1974 the steelworks received an electrostatic precipitator to clean the exhaust air and a second filter in 1985 - after Spiegel reported that “Dortmund-Hörde has to reduce its production (because) ... more dust ... sinks down on streets, residential areas and gardens when ... allowed "- but as recently as 1992, residents observed" brown clouds of smoke from the halls on Weingartenstrasse "because" the electrostatic precipitators were automatically switched off about 14 times a day ". And in 2001 a spokesman for the Hörde citizens' initiative reported "The emissions from Phoenix East have ... like a shroud over the entire area". This dust was partially washed into the soil by the rain (heavy metals are not degradable). This is also due to the lack of pioneer plants such as B. birch trees on the fallow land, whereby individual moss accumulations can serve as a bio-indicator for the accumulation of heavy metals.

Risk prognoses are difficult due to the different behavior ( exposure ) and the genetic variance of the population ( polymorphism ). In retrospect, however, damage to the health of the residents of the steelworks was detectable: between the end of February and the beginning of June 2000, investigations of around 1000 mother-child pairs revealed an above-average frequency of "infections of the upper respiratory tract (mouth, nose, sinuses, throat)" and "allergic diseases “Like constant cold, red or itchy eyes and hay fever. Neurodermatitis also occurred four times more frequently in children in Hörde who had a very high chromium concentration in the urine than in children with low exposure. Long-term examinations did not take place.

Construction and use of the lake

Soil construction in the northern residential areas
Phosphate Elimination Plant

The excavation work began in September 2006. A total of around 2.5 million cubic meters of soil was excavated and 1/5 of it was transported to Phoenix-West via the route of the former Eliasbahn . The Emschertal, which was filled in in the course of industrialization, was largely exposed.

The flooding of the lake with around 150,000 m³ began on October 1, 2010 and, supported by precipitation, took about a year to reach the first target level. The Emscher runs north past the lake so as not to reduce the water quality of the lake. On May 9, 2011, the lakeshore area was opened to the public. The use of water sports by small sailing boats and motorless pleasure craft began on April 1, 2012. Bathing, surfing, diving and fishing are not permitted. The management of the water and the green spaces is the responsibility of the city of Dortmund. Aquatic plant management plays a central role in water maintenance. In addition, the city of Dortmund continuously checks the technical facilities on the lake and keeps the water surface and the lake bed clean.

To maintain the good water quality, a phosphate elimination system was built north of the lake, which can filter up to 90 m³ of lake water per hour. For this purpose, it is sucked in at two nearby points, filtered and then fed back into the lake on the harbor stairs in two channels. The entire volume of the lake can be passed through the system's filter stage within a year. The phosphate elimination plant is operated by the Emschergenossenschaft on behalf of the city of Dortmund. The water quality is good: So far, no increased levels of heavy metals or other residues from the industrial past have been found.

Just two years after the lake opened, NABU praised the fact that it contributes to the biodiversity of water birds . Among other things, could herons , ducks , grebes , gulls , coots , ringed plover and Kingfishers are observed.

Development of the residential area

Housing development on the north bank
The eastern end of the lake

Development on the north bank began in 2011. South of the lake, development began two years later. Various specifications had to be observed for the design of the houses. With regard to the energy standard, the building owners had to implement the requirements of at least KfW Efficiency House 70 ( EnEV 2009). Half of the property owners should even comply with KfW Standard 55.

Economic development

Harbor basin with restaurants and jetties
Medical specialist center
Harbor promenade

Following the recommendations of the corporate and strategy consultancy McKinsey & Company , which had been commissioned by ThyssenKrupp AG under the provisional project name "Dortmund Project", the city of Dortmund aimed at extensive restructuring and revitalization of its economy, including the creation a knowledge and technology site on the Phoenix West area near Lake Phoenix. The Phoenix Ost steelworks ceased production there on April 23, 2001 and, after dismantling, was partially sold to the Chinese company Angang Steel Company in 2003 and 2004 .

With a unanimous council decision in June 2000, the "Dortmund Project" was subordinated to the office of the Lord Mayor and the economic and employment promotion of the city of Dortmund and was to be implemented in the form of a private-public partnership model . The “start2grow start-up competition” was initiated in 2001 by the economic development agency of the city of Dortmund, which was intended to stimulate the establishment of internationally oriented, innovative companies in the service and technology sector by awarding subsidies and also to encourage such companies to settle in the vicinity of Lake Phoenix . Taken together, around 1700 people were employed in 161 companies at Lake Phoenix and in the neighboring Phoenix West area in 2017.

On the west side of the Phoenixsee there is a restaurant and business area that invites you to stroll and linger:

  • To the north of the harbor basin (harbor promenade 1–2) there is a bakery, an ice cream parlor and a steakhouse. On the upper floors are offices and practices as well as a fitness studio. At the top there are seven penthouse apartments . The same concept was also implemented in the building to the east (Hafenpromenade 3): On the ground floor there is a restaurant and above that are offices and service companies as well as five exclusive loft apartments (see photo: Hafenpromenade 3).
  • To the south of the harbor basin (Am Kai 8-14) there is space for around twenty medical practices in the four dominant white buildings on almost 7000 m² and six floors. There is a pharmacy, three restaurants and an ice cream parlor on the ground floor. An underground car park underneath offers space for 60 parking spaces.
  • On the south bank (Phoenixseestraße 2-8) the Phoenix-See continues to develop. The transition to private, small-scale single-family homes has not yet been completed. Three modern buildings for office and service use adjoin the southern port basin: the Swan by Opländer GmbH & Co, designed by Drahtler Architekten, and the building for ITS Informationstechnik Service GmbH, designed by Kitzig Interior Design; in the second row is the company building of microsonic GmbH, the only manufacturing company on Lake Phoenix, designed by the Düsseldorf architects F&G Geddert.

The lease prices for gastronomy areas of 3500 to 4000 m² are 20 to 25 € / m², which is close to those of good inner city locations with frequent walk-in customers.

Gentrification

New and old buildings on the north bank

Numerous experts have expressed themselves in recent years on the question of whether gentrification was caused by Lake Phoenix. "Winners and losers of structural change will meet immediately," explained Susanne Frank, professor of sociology at the Technical University of Dortmund, in a discussion event. Urban planner Jürgen Ewert criticized the planning project as it promoted social distortions. Achim Prossek, geographer at the Humboldt University in Berlin , discovered the loss of cheap living space in Hörde through regular excursions. Rainer Stücker, chairman of the Dortmund rental association, said that property owners in Hörde would benefit, but cheap rental accommodation would disappear. In 2016, art historian and head of Emscherkunst , Florian Matzner , said that “a textbook gentrification had taken place”: “In a few years, the newly rich have built houses here with a view of the lake. [...] As a result of this development, the rents for the apartments in the old houses of the former steel workers that are behind the villas rose. ”Activists of the Dortmund port initiative cited Lake Phoenix in June 2019 as a negative example of an urban development project leading to gentrification . Olaf Greve, who was involved in the planning of the Phoenix-See, stated in retrospect that too little thought had been given to the social component of the project. The NRW 2016 Social Report of the Ministry of Labor, Integration and Social Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia indicates that new buildings and renovations have favored gentrification.

Social housing on Lake Phoenix

Social housing was integrated into the development plan in January 2013. Among other things, a 3700 m² plot of land about 500 m south-east of the lake (Schüruferstraße) was sold to the Dortmunder Gesellschaft für Wohnen mbH (Dogewo21) at a price of € 220 / m² . The cold rent when moving into the apartments was € 5.10 / m² living space per month. In mid-2017, 29 social housing units were completed, and Dogewo announced the completion of construction work for a further 46 social housing units by the end of 2019.

panorama

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Development on the west and north sides of the lake, November 2012
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Almost 360 ° panorama of the finished lake seen from the south bank, May 2011
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West Bank, December 2013

Film, documentary, television series

  • Dortmund and the Phoenix-See, documentary, Germany 2008, 44 min, director: Jens Tilmann, WDR documentary from the “ Picture Book Germany ” series, also on DVD
  • Divine situation, documentary, Germany 2014, 104 min, directors: Ulrike Franke, Michael Loeken; the film documents the development of the lake; was shown at: Kirchliches Filmfestival Recklinghausen , March 5, 2015; published on DVD in the same year; u. a. supported by WDR, ARTE
  • Phoenixsee - long-term documentary (produced by HubbertvonSonntag, directed by Hans von Sonntag) 9-part documentation - in HD - commissioned by DSW21. Also available as DVD and DVD series.
  • Phoenixsee, TV series, Germany 2016 with Stephan Kampwirth , Nike Fuhrmann , Felix Vörtler , Anna Stieblich , Robert Dölle u. a. The WDR had already produced 12 episodes in 2 seasons by 2019.
and display information about the image
Panoramic view of the future Phoenix Lake from the observation deck of the info point, April 2009

See also

Web links

Commons : Phoenix Lake  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Klaus van de Weyer, Georg Sümer, Heinz Hueppe, Andreas Petruck: The PHOENIX See concept: Sustainable management of macrophyte mass developments through a combination of nutrient-poor site conditions and planting with candy algae (PDF), accessed on June 20, 2014.
  2. ↑ Utz Ingo Küpper: Interim balance of the "dortmund-project" from the point of view of the business development agency . In: Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.): Information on spatial development . tape 9 , no. 2 . Bonn 2005, p. 634 .
  3. ^ The Phoenix See , website of the city of Dortmund
  4. ↑ Consequences of severe weather: Emscher has not yet finished its baptism of fire on August 22, 2011 in the Ruhr Nachrichten , accessed on June 20, 2014.
  5. ↑ There is still a lot of dust on the lake floor. In: DerWesten . July 31, 2007, accessed June 20, 2014 .
  6. ↑ a b http://phoenixdortmund.de/de/ffekten/phoenixwest.html
  7. ↑ http://phoenixdortmund.de/de/leben/see.html
  8. ↑ Martin Baumeister: 121 companies with 1200 employees make over 202 million euros in sales per year. Job engine Phoenix Lake. September 10, 2016, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  9. ↑ a b [1] , accessed on December 20, 2014
  10. ↑ S. Frank, U. Greiwe "Phoenix from the Ashes - the 'new Dortmund' is building its 'first address'" (PDF), information on spatial development 11/12 2012
  11. ↑ a b Marketing platform: click on “Next”, on any (not blue) property. Behind the green, downward-pointing arrow there are up to 20 "in-depth technical information on the building site" or "technical downloads": in particular the documents "Explanations on the nature of the property of residential areas with regard to further structural use", "Expert confirmation regarding . Compliance with the requirements of the remediation plan with regard to geochemistry "," Processing according to the remediation plan " [2]
  12. ↑ Ask the State [3]
  13. ↑ It 'll be fine . In: Der Spiegel . No. 23 , 1973, p. 34 ( online - 4 June 1973 ).
  14. ↑ Technical reports LUA NRW No. 5, Hot-Spot-Investigations, p. 19: s. O.
  15. ↑ In Dortmund the era of the steel works comes to an end. In: The world . April 30, 2001, Retrieved February 11, 2019 .
  16. ^ Encyclopedia of Geosciences, Heavy Metal Plants , Spektrum Verlag
  17. ↑ Technical reports LUA NRW No. 5, Hot-Spot-Investigations, pp. 14, 44 and 48: s. O.
  18. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/phoenix_see_dortmund/geschichte_phoenixsee/index.html
  19. ↑ https://www.wr.de/staedte/dortmund/phoenixsee/wissenswertes-und-zahlen-zum-neuen-phoenixsee-id3773291.html
  20. ↑ Emscher at the Phoenixsee is being renatured: A dirty river becomes clean. WDR, Katrin Schlusen, February 23, 2011 [4]
  21. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/phoenix_see_dortmund/seesatzung/index.html
  22. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/phoenix_see_dortmund/natur_und_umwelt/bewirtschaftung/index.html
  23. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/phoenix_see_dortmund/natur_und_umwelt/bewirtschaftung/index.html
  24. ↑ https://www.dortmund.de/de/freizeit_und_kultur/phoenix_see_dortmund/natur_und_umwelt/wasserqualitaet/index.html
  25. ↑ 7 Things You Didn't Know About Phoenix Lake. July 25, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2019 .
  26. ↑ Billion project: The bed of the Emscher was flooded on December 18, 2009 in the Ruhr Nachrichten , accessed on June 20, 2014
  27. ↑ Oliver Volmerich: Plots on Phoenix Lake are now being marketed. In: DerWesten. April 5, 2013, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Development plan HÖ 252 (sub-area B / north bank): http://www.phoenixseedortmund.de/24941.html
  29. ↑ Design guidelines for building typologies, new development, sub-area B. Northern bank residential area. City of Dortmund, April 2009, accessed on March 21, 2020 .
  30. ↑ From Lake Phoenix to Brussels - Who supports Europe's regions? April 1, 2014, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Utz Ingo Küpper: Interim balance of the "dortmund-project" from the point of view of the business development agency . In: Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.): Information on spatial development . tape 9 , no. 2 . Bonn 2005, p. 634 .
  32. ↑ Thilo Kortmann: The “dortmund-project” is on the home straight. June 21, 2010, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  33. ^ The Dortmund Project - dortmund-project.de. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  34. ↑ Susanne Frank, Ulla Greiwe: Phoenix from the Ashes: The “new Dortmund” is building its “first address” . In: Federal Institute for Building, Urban and Spatial Research (ed.): Information on spatial development . tape 11 , no. 12.2012 . Bonn / Berlin 2012, p. 576 f . ( bund.de [PDF]).
  35. ^ The Dortmund Project - dortmund-project.de - core objectives. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Klaus Buske: Dortmund's Phoenixsee washed away the anger of the steel workers. March 15, 2018, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  37. ↑ From Lake Phoenix to Brussels - Who supports Europe's regions? April 1, 2014, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  38. ^ Dortmund Daniel A. Rehbein: Steelworks "Phoenix East". Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  39. ↑ The new Dortmund - 20th century - “today” - city history - city portrait - from our city - life in Dortmund - city portal dortmund.de. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  40. ↑ Strategy - The Dortmund Project. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  41. ↑ Prize winners. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  42. ↑ Thilo Kortmann: The “dortmund-project” is on the home straight. June 21, 2010, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  43. ↑ The new Dortmund - 20th century - “today” - city history - city portrait - from our city - life in Dortmund - city portal dortmund.de. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  44. ↑ Klaus Buske: Dortmund's Phoenixsee washed away the anger of the steel workers. March 15, 2018, accessed November 13, 2019 .
  45. ↑ Peter J. Weigel: Phoenix-See: "Riva 1" puts on at the port. Medical centers ready for occupancy soon. In: lokalkompass. June 26, 2012, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  46. ↑ Phoenix-See: With the 'Café Solo' comes the first restaurant. In: Ruhr news. January 6, 2012, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  47. ↑ Julian Beyer: Space for around 20 medical practices with lakeside location. In: Ruhr news. November 17, 2010, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  48. ↑ http://www.arztzentrum-phoenixsee.de/faps/gebaeudeuebersicht/
  49. ↑ Klaus Buske: At the end of June, the first restaurant opens on Lake Phoenix in Dortmund. In: DerWesten . June 19, 2012, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  50. ^ City of Dortmund and DSW21 Dortmunder Stadtwerke AG by Dieter Nellen, Christa Reicher and Ludger Wilde (eds.): Phoenix - a new urban landscape in Dortmund . 1st edition. jovis Verlag GmbH, 2016, ISBN 978-3-86859-400-3 , p. 232 .
  51. ↑ 25 years of microsonic & new company headquarters. microsonic GmbH, September 15, 2015, accessed on July 17, 2017 .
  52. ↑ Third restaurateur gives up: Restaurant Yelken on Lake Phoenix closes. In: Ruhr news. January 23, 2016, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  53. ↑ Thilo Kortmann: Gentrification at Phoenix-See - Lively debate about the "ambivalent lake". In: Ruhr news . December 8, 2012, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  54. ↑ The Phoenixsee and the downsides of a district upgrade. November 11, 2013, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  55. ↑ Silke Hoock: The fine Phoenix Lake means the displacement of the little people. June 2, 2014, accessed November 11, 2019 .
  56. ↑ Felix Guth, Tobias Grossekemper, Thomas Thiel: RN + water finds its way. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  57. ↑ Felix Guth, Tobias Grossekemper, Thomas Thiel: RN + water finds its way. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  58. ^ Christiane Hoffmans: Emscherkunst: "A gentrification like from a textbook" . June 1, 2016 ( welt.de [accessed November 11, 2019]).
  59. ↑ Felix Guth: RN + Who Owns the City? Harbor residents are pissed off - just not a second Phoenix Lake. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  60. ↑ Planning Phoenix-See: Courage for the gap. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  61. ↑ oA: Social Report NRW 2016: Poverty and Wealth Report . Ed .: Ministry for Labor, Integration and Social Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. Düsseldorf, S. 485 ( nrw.de [PDF]).
  62. ↑ Felix Guth, Tobias Grossekemper, Thomas Thiel: RN + water finds its way. Retrieved November 13, 2019 .
  63. ↑ Oliver Volmerich: U- turn - Now space for social housing on Lake Phoenix. In: DerWesten. January 31, 2013, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  64. ↑ Long waiting for cheap apartments. That is why social housing construction at Lake Phoenix is ​​stalling. In: Ruhr news. August 3, 2015, accessed February 11, 2019 .
  65. ↑ Subsidized housing in a prime location. A cross-generational residential project with a total of 30 apartments has been implemented at Lake PHOENIX. City of Dortmund, accessed on March 21, 2020 .
  66. ↑ WDR, March 29, 2016, social housing at Phoenixsee
  67. ↑ 46 publicly subsidized apartments will be built on Phoenix See by the end of 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019 .
  68. ↑ Ruhrpott series Phoenixsee. WDR website, accessed May 7, 2019.
  69. ↑ http://www.goettliche-lage.de