Azarold thorn
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Azarol thorn ( Crataegus azarolus ) |
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| Crataegus azarolus | ||||||||||||
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The Crataegus Azarolus ( Crataegus azarolus ), also Welsche medlar, Neapolitan medlar, called Azarole or Azarolapfel is a flowering plant in the family of the rose family (Rosaceae).
The species is widespread in Crete , North Africa , the Mediterranean and western Asia. In southern Europe it is naturalized, in central Europe the fruit harvest is insignificant.
The species name is derived from Portuguese ( azarola, azerola, zarola, zerola ), Catalan ( acerola, atzerola ), Spanish ( acerolo ) and Italian ( lazzeruola ) as well as from Arabic ( az-za'rur or az-zu 'rur ), whereby the correct form and basic meaning of the Arabic word has not been determined.
description
The azarol thorn grows as a deciduous, large, more or less thorny shrub or tree that can reach heights of up to 10 meters. However, it often has unreinforced branches. The bark is smooth and gray. The thorns, if present, can be up to 1 centimeter long.
The simple, stalked, slightly leathery leaves are three- to seven-lobed to -part. They are up to about 6–7 centimeters long and have entire margins and are ovate to obovate in outline and slightly short-haired to bald on top, and on the underside they are slightly more densely hairy, especially on the veins. The tips of the individual lobes are more or less pointed to rounded or blunt, finer or coarser, sawn to notched or serrated. The runny petioles are hairy. There are mostly stipules present.
Short-stalked, rather dense, somewhat tomentose-haired, umbrella-like panicle inflorescences with some flowers are formed. The open-skinned, hermaphrodite, stalked and unpleasantly scented flowers appear in May. The flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . There are only small, hairy calyx tips and the flower stalks are hairy. There are many stamens with reddish anthers. The multi-chambered ovary is subordinate with 2–3 styles with small, heady and blunt scars . The outside hairy flower cup is lined with a discus .
The ripening, slightly hairy to almost bald apple fruits ( false fruit ) with the calyx cavity and calyx and stylus and stamen remains at the tip are spherical, orange-red to red or yellow and about 1.5–2 (larger in culture; 2.5 -4) inches tall. They contain 2-3 flat, about 8-10 millimeters large, brownish, slightly textured and solitary kernels.
The fruits, which can be eaten raw or cooked and have a sour, apple-like taste, ripen from late July to mid-August.
use
In the Mediterranean area, the azarole thorn has been cultivated as a fruit tree since ancient times. The medlar-like fruits taste sweet and sour. They can be consumed fresh, added to sweet fruit juices, candied, preserved in honey or processed into jams, compotes, liqueurs, schnapps and baked goods.
Medical and technical uses have been studied. The azarol thorn (like other Crataegus species) is said to strengthen the heart. Its robust wood is used for moving parts such as axes and spindles.
Systematics
A synonym of many for Crataegus azarolus L. is z. B. Pyrus azarolus (L.) Scop. or Mespilus aronia (L.) Willd. and Crataegus aronia (L.) Bosc etc.
Crataegus azarolus is often listed in subspecies or varieties:
- C. azarolus var. Azarolus
- C. azarolus var. Aronia
- C. azarolus var. Chlorocarpa
- C. azarolus var. Pontica
Sorts:
- 'Julieta' with red, narrow fruits and an aromatic taste, ripening time: August - September
- 'Fruto Blanco' with large whitish fruits with a pleasant aroma
Common names
The other German-language trivial names Azarolbirne, Azarolbirn, Meelbyrn (Uffenbach / Lonitzer, 1679), Welsche Espel, Lazerolenbirne (1781), Lazaroli and Lazarole exist or existed for the azaroldorn.
literature
- Marilena Idžojtić: Dendrology: Cones, Flowers, Fruits and Seeds. Academic Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-444-64175-5 , p. 207.
- L. Dippel : Handbuch Der Laubholzkunde. Part 3, Parey, 1893, p. 453 f, archive.org .
- PH List, L. Hörhammer: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. Fourth volume: Chemicals and Drugs (CI – G), Springer, 1973, ISBN 978-3-642-80621-6 (reprint), p. 334.
- Bundessortenamt: Descriptive List of Varieties , Wild Obstarten, 1999, ISSN 1430-9378 , p. 49, online (PDF; 17.7 MB).
- Andreas Bärtels: Encyclopedia of the garden trees. Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3198-6 , p. 230.
- Dericks-Tan, Vollbrecht: On the trail of wild fruits in Europe. Abadi-Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-00-021129-4 , p. 290.
Web links
- Crataegus azarolus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: A. Güner, 1998. Accessed December 2, 2013.
- Crataegus azarolus at Useful Temperate Plants.
- Crataegus azarolus from Malta Wild Plants, accessed on September 29, 2019 (with many pictures).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition, Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 89.
- ↑ Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 2nd edition, from Volume 7 (1975) ed. by Hans J. Conert u. a., Volume 4. 2nd edition, ed. by Friedrich Markgraf. Munich 1958-1963, p. 730 f.
- ↑ Crataegus azarolus at Plants For A Future
- ↑ Wolfgang Schiedermair: The "Meelbyrn, Paliurus" in Adam Lonitzer's "Kreuterbuch" (1679). Note from X Sorbopyrus auricularis (Knoop) Schneid. - Rose hip pear. 2015 (2016), p. 92.
- ↑ Peter Uffenbach (Ed.): Kreuterbuch. Artificial Conterfeytunge of the trees, shrubs, hedges, herbs, grain, Gewuertze […]. But now overlooked in the most diligent way by PETRUM UFFENBACHIUM, Med. D. and Ordinarium Physicum in Franckfurt. Corrects and improves […]. (Frankfurt am Main 1557, further edition there 1630; last edition Augsburg 1783) Matthäus Wagner (printer and publisher), Ulm an der Donau 1679; Reprint (Leipzig 1934 and by) Konrad Kölbl, (Grünwald near) Munich 1962, chap. 94, p. 143 f.
- ↑ Wolfgang Schiedermair: The "Meelbyrn, Paliurus" in Adam Lonitzer's "Kreuterbuch" (1679). Note from X Sorbopyrus auricularis (Knoop) Schneid. - Rose hip pear. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 87–96, here: p. 91.
- ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 116 ( online ).