Wendich

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Wendich
Wendich (Calepina irregularis), illustration

Wendich ( Calepina irregularis ), illustration

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Calepineae
Genre : Calepina
Type : Wendich
Scientific name of the  genus
Calepina
Adans.
Scientific name of the  species
Calepina irregularis
( Asso ) Thell.

The Wendich ( Calepina irregularis ) is the only kind of the plant genus Calepina from the family of the cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae).

description

Appearance and foliage leaf

The Wendich grows as an annual or hibernating annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 80 cm. The prostrate, arching upright stems branch out strongly at the bottom or are unbranched.

The leaves are arranged in basal rosettes and also alternately distributed on the stem. The basal leaves have a (0.2 to) 1 to 3.5 (to 6) cm long petiole and their (0.8 to) 2 to 5 (to 9) cm long and (0.3 to) 1 to 3 cm broad obovate, spatulate to obscure lanceolate leaf blade is toothed to concave or lyre-shaped pinnate with larger ovoid or round end lobes. The sessile stem leaves have a leaf blade that is (1 to) 2 to 7 (to 8) cm long and (0.4 to) 10 to 20 (to 30) cm wide and elongated to lanceolate, distantly serrated or with entire margins. At the bottom they encompass the stem with pointed ears.

inflorescence

Inflorescence and flower

Some flowers are close together in an inflorescence that is initially umbrella- shaped , but the upright inflorescence axis extends greatly until the fruit is ripe, until the inflorescence and infructescence finally has a racemose shape. The flower stalks are 3 to 5 mm long and extend to a length of 5 to 10 mm by the time of fruiting.

The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four elongated or egg-shaped sepals are protruding or upright and are about half as long as the petals with their length from 1.2 to 2 mm and their width from 0.5 to 1 mm. The four free white petals are inverted-lanceolate with a truncated or slightly edged tip; they are somewhat unequal in length, two are about 2 mm long, the other two 2.5 to 3 mm long, the specific epithet irregularis for irregular refers to these unevenly large petals. The six stamens have 1 to 1.5 mm long filaments and about 0.3 mm long, egg-shaped anthers. The gynophore of the individual carpel is 0.1 to 0.2 mm long. The scar is heady.

Fruit and seeds

The slender, (3 to) 5 to 10 (to 13) mm long fruit stalks are straight protruding to curved upwards. The nut-like pod , which remains closed, is egg -shaped to pear-shaped or ellipsoidal with a length of 2.5 to 4 mm and a diameter of 2 to 3 mm. It has a short point and is four-ribbed and reticulated when ripe. The fruit beak is 0.5 to 0.8 mm long. The valves themselves are reticulated and have four longitudinal ribs, the replum is rounded and the septum is missing. The brown, smooth seeds are 1.3 to 1.6 mm long and egg-shaped.

Flowering time and chromosome number

The flowering period extends from April to June.

The base chromosome number of the genus Calepina is x = 7. There are diploid , tetraploid and hexaploid cytotypes with chromosome numbers of 2n = 14, 28 or 42.

Illustration of the Wendich ( Calepina irregularis )

Occurrence

The wide distribution area of ​​the Wendich includes the entire Mediterranean area from North Africa and Portugal through southern Europe to western and central Europe and beyond in western Asia to Iran and the Caspian Sea. In its main area of ​​distribution, the Wendich thrives in societies of the class Agropyretea.

The Wendich is a rare species in vineyards, tree nurseries and ruderal sites in Germany and thrives on nutrient-rich and dry clay soils . It occurs here only in the warmest areas on the Central Rhine and in Baden-Württemberg. The wendich is a neophyte in many parts of the world .

Systematics

The first publication was made of this kind in 1779 under Myagrum irregular by Ignacio de Asso . It was placed in the genus Calepina by Albert Thellung in 1905 . The genus Calepina was established in 1763 by Michel Adanson . Other synonyms for Calepina irregularis (Asso) Thell. are: Calepina cochlearioides Dum. , Calepina corvini (All.) Desv. , Calepina ruellii Bubani , Cochlearia auriculata Lam. , Cochlearia lyrata Sm. , Crambe corvini All. , Laelia cochlearioides (Murray) Pers. , Laelia iberioides Pers. , Laelia irregularis Samp. , Myagrum bursifolium Thuill. , Myagrum erucaefolium Vill. , Myagrum iberioides bread. The generic name Calepina was probably completely arbitrarily reinvented by Michel Adanson.

The genus Calepina Adans. belongs to the tribe Calepineae within the family Brassicaceae .

swell

literature

  • Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz: Calepina . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico . Volume 7: Magnoliophyta: Salicaceae to Brassicaceae . Oxford University Press, New York / Oxford a. a. 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-531822-7 , Calepina irregularis , p. 446 (English, online ). (Section description)
  • Friedrich Markgraf (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Founded by Gustav Hegi . Volume IV. Part 1: Berberidaceae - Resedaceae. 2nd Edition. Carl Hanser, Munich 1958–1963, pp. 498–499.
  • Peter William Ball: Calepina Adanson . In: TG Tutin, NA Burges, AO Chater, JR Edmondson, VH Heywood, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . 2nd, revised edition. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge / New York / Melbourne 1993, ISBN 0-521-41007-X , pp. 416 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Oskar Sebald: Calepina Adanson 1763 . In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 2 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 , pp. 339-340 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  441 .
  2. Ignacio Jordán de Asso y del Río: Synopsis Stirpium indigenarum Aragoniae , Massilia, 1779, p. 82. (PDF file) .
  3. ^ Albert Thellung: Calepina . In: Hans Schinz, Robert Keller: Flora of Switzerland: for use on excursions, in schools and for self-teaching. Part I: Excursion flora. 2nd completely revised and greatly increased edition. A. Raustein, Zurich, 1905, p. 218 (online).
  4. Michel Adanson: Familles des plantes. Volume 2, 1763, Vincent, Paris, p. 423 (online).
  5. Calepina irregularis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. Cornelis Andries Backer: Declaring Woordenboek the wetenschappelijke name . Batavia, Visser & Co. 1936, p. 95.
  7. Calepina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on May 6, 2015. Entry at GRIN.

Web links

Commons : Wendich ( Calepina irregularis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files