Wild pansy in medical history

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In the 15th and 16th centuries the wild pansy was called freisam , freischem krut , dreifaltigkeit blümlin or stiefmuoter .

In the variation free sneaked the name was freisam in the Paris Physica manuscript of Hildegard von Bingen from the first half of the 15th century used. The pansy was not mentioned in the Hildegard texts. Matthias Lexer interpreted in his Middle High German Concise Dictionary (Vol. III, Sp. 497) vreise as something that brings danger and ruin, is cruel and terrible. The Brothers Grimm interpreted the words freissam and freissamkeit similarly in the German dictionary . Under the keyword frais, Max Höfler listed many diseases that have in common that they are violent and heated.

The pansy was first mentioned under the name freisam in the little book about the burnt-out waters attributed to Michael Puff from Schrick . The following effects were stated for the distillate made from pansies : Works against "unnatural heat" which "overflows" in young children and "cramps" them. "Lifts dampness" around the heart and chest. Works against "swelling" around the heart, chest and lungs in young and old. Works against "bad heat" in general. It is not clear from the Puff texts which part of the plant (flower, herb and / or root) was used to produce the distillate.

In the Mainz Garden of Health from 1485, Erhard Reuwich for the first time faithfully reproduced the pansy under the name jacea freischem krut . The text described the production of a distillate from the herb without roots and adopted the indications from Puff's distilling booklet. In addition, the distillate and the decoction made from the herb were recommended to be particularly effective for skin diseases. In the Hortus sanitatis the wild pansy was dealt with under the name Jacea .

In his small distilling book , published in Strasbourg in 1500 , Hieronymus freely interpreted Brunschwig as a heated skin disease.

Until the 20th century, the wild pansy was recommended in pharmacological works as a cervical herb for the treatment of skin diseases. 16th century: 17th - 18th century: 19th century: 20th century:

Since the mid-18th century, the Mainzer doctor treated Karl Strack the cradle cap children by internal transfer of the powder from the herb of wild pansy. As a "blood-cleansing" agent (antidyscraticum) the pansy was used for skin diseases until the beginning of the 20th century.

From a pharmacological point of view, Theodor Husemann wrote :

“Antidyscratic agents, antidyscratic agents. ... Herba Violae tricoloris, Herba Jaceae; Pansy, pansy herb ... The pansy herb tastes slimy, slightly bitter, hardly scratchy and, apart from a little violin, contains salicylic acid according to the studies of mandein. It was recommended by Strack in the last century against impetigo faciei and is now also used for eczema and the like. a. Skin affections in childhood, especially among the people. It can be used 1.0-5.0 several times a day in powder, or more conveniently in a decoction with milk or water (1:10). An extract prepared from it in ointment form has also been recommended externally for chronic skin conditions. Piffard (1882) recommends a fluid extract of 5-10 drops for adults and 1-5 drops for children. Persistent use of pansy tea is said to give the urine an unpleasant odor of cat urine. "

- Theodor Husemann : Handbook of the entire pharmaceutical theory. 2nd edition Berlin 1883, p. 837.

Historical illustrations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Puff manuscripts: Heidelberg, cpg 558, Nordbayern 1470–1485, sheet 24r. - Heidelberg, cpg 545, Nuremberg 1474, sheet 111r.
  2. ↑ Gart der Gesundheit . Mainz 1485, Cap. 432.
  3. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig : Small distilling book . 1500, sheet 49r-v: "... drivaltigkeit blůmen genant / vmb dryerley farb ſiner blůmen / yellow / blow vnd wyß [...]".
  4. ↑ Jürgen Martin: The 'Ulmer Wundarznei'. Introduction - Text - Glossary on a monument to German specialist prose from the 15th century. Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1991 (= Würzburg medical-historical research. Volume 52), ISBN 3-88479-801-4 (also medical dissertation Würzburg 1990), p. 175.
  5. ^ Carl Daremberg , Jacques Paul Migne : S. Hildegardis Abbatissae opera omnia. Gebrüder Granier Verlag, Paris 1882. The name Freischlich as a disease name appears in the following chapters of the Physica of this manuscript: I / 28 Cristiana (digitized version ) “… Et homo, in quo pessimi et mortiferi humores eriguntur, ita, quod in aliquo membro ejus ebulliunt , sic quod dicunt free crept ... "(" ... and a man rise up in the worst and most deadly juices so they gush forth in any of his limbs, one that freely sneaked says ... "). I / 132 Agleya (digitized) "Et homo in quo free sneaked quod dicitur selega , nasci incipit ..." ( "And a man in whom free crept what selega is called to arise begins ..."). III / 26 Fagus (digitized version ) "... Et cum quispiam homo in illo anno freyszchlich , quod est selega , in corpore suo habuerit ..." ("... And if any person in that year Freyszchlich , which means selega , has in his body ..." ). III / 47 Iffa (digitized version ) “… Et qui freischlich in corpore suo habet, id est selega ,… et freyschlich evanescet. ... "(" ... And whoever has a free body in his body, that is selega ... and free will disappear. ... ").
  6. ^ Max Höfler: German book of names of diseases. Munich 1899, pp. 165-166.
  7. ↑ Michael Puff : Booklet of the burnt-out waters . 15th century print Augsburg (Johannes Bämler) 1478: Freysam (digitized)
  8. ↑ Cpg 558 , medical composite manuscript, Northern Bavaria around 1470–1485, sheet 24r, (digitized version )
  9. ↑ Cpg 545 , collection of medical prescriptions and tracts, Nuremberg (?) 1474, sheet 111r (digitized version )
  10. ↑ Gart der Gesundheit . Mainz 1485, chap. 432: "... drybet vß the evil fuchtung vnd benympt daz freyschem in the lybe vnd drybet das vß mechtlicher ..." (digitized version )
  11. ↑ "... serve the rude people sunderly wole".
  12. ↑ Hortus sanitatis 1491, Mainz 1491, Part I, Chapter 511: Jacea (digitized version )
  13. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig : Small distilling book . Strasbourg 1500, sheet 49r-v: "Von freiſſam krut waſſer ... ſin waſſer iſt gůt druncken for a disease of the young children called dz freiſſam. in Latin tongues called eriſipila… “Also: H. Brunschwig: Kleines Distillierbuch 1500, sheets 63r-63v: Ibisch wurtzel waſſer. ... B. "Ibiſch wurtzel waſſer iſt drunk well ... for the natural heat called dz freeſem or eriſipila."
  14. ↑ Hieronymus Brunschwig : Small distilling book , Strasbourg 1500, sheet 49r: Freissam Krut (digitized version )
  15. ^ Otto Brunfels : Contrafayt Kreüterbůch . Johann Schott, Strasbourg 1532, p. 130: Trinity of flowers. Freysam or nail herb (digitized)
  16. ↑ Hieronymus Bock : New Kreütter Bůch . Wendel Rihel, Strasbourg 1539, Part I, Chapter 192: Freyssam. Dreiflatigkeyt (digitized version )
  17. ↑ Leonhart Fuchs : New Kreütterbuch… Michael Isingrin, Basel 1543, chapter 313: Freyschamkraut (digitized version )
  18. ^ Pietro Andrea Mattioli : Commentarii, in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei, de medica materia. Translation by Georg Handsch, edited by Joachim Camerarius the Younger , Johan Feyerabend, Franckfurt am Mayn 1586, sheet 413r – 414r: Freisamkraut. Trinity flowers (digitized)
  19. ↑ Nicolas Lémery  : Dictionnaire universel des drogues simples. , Paris 1699, p. 353: Herba trinitatis (digitized version) ; Translation. Complete material lexicon. Initially drafted in French, but now after the third edition, which has been enlarged by a large [...] edition, translated into high German / By Christoph Friedrich Richtern, [...]. Leipzig: Johann Friedrich Braun, 1721, Sp. 529-530: Herba trinitatis (digitized version )
  20. ↑ Albrecht von Haller (editor): Onomatologia medica completa or Medicinisches Lexicon which explains all names and artificial words which are peculiar to the science of medicine and the art of pharmacy clearly and completely [...]. Gaumische Handlung, Ulm / Frankfurt am Main / Leipzig 1755, Sp. 809–810: Jacea tricolor (digitized)
  21. ^ Jean-Louis Alibert : Nouveaux éléments de thérapeutique et de matière médicale. Crapart, Paris Volume I 1803, pp. 250–252: Herba Violae tricoloris (digitized version )
  22. ^ Carl Wilhelm Juch: Pharmacopoea Borussica or Prussian Pharmacopoeia. Translated from Latin and accompanied by comments and additions by Dr. Carl Wilhelm Juch . Stein, Nürnberg 1805, p. 81: Herba Violae tricoloris s. Jaceae. Trinity flower. Civic herb (digitized version )
  23. ↑ August Friedrich Hecker 's practical medicine theory. Revised and enriched with the latest discoveries by a practicing doctor . Camesius, Vienna, Volume I 1814, p. 231: Herba Jaceae. Fraisamkraut. Trinity flower. Pansy (digitized)
  24. ↑ Jonathan Pereira’s Handbook of Medicines Doctrine. From the point of view of the German Medicin edited by Rudolf Buchheim . Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1846–48, Volume II 1848, p. 733: (digitized version)
  25. ↑ Alexander Willem Michiel van Hasselt . JB Henkel (translator): Handbook of poison theory for chemists, doctors, pharmacists and court officials . Vieweg, Braunschweig 1862, p. 485: Violin (digitized version)
  26. ^ Friedrich Mohr : Commentary on the Prussian Pharmacopoeia: together with a translation of the text ... Friedrich Vieweg, Braunschweig 1865. After the seventh edition of the Pharmakcopoea borussica. Third edition in one volume, pp. 324-325: Herba Violae tricoloris. Civic herb. Pansy herb (digitized)
  27. ↑ August Husemann / Theodor Husemann : The plant substances in chemical, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological terms. For doctors, pharmacists, chemists and pharmacologists. Springer, Berlin 1871, pp. 105–106: Violin (digitized version)
  28. ↑ Hermann Hager Commentary on the Pharmacopoea Germanica Julius Springer Berlin, Volume II (1874), pp. 145–145: Herba Violae tricoloris (digitized version )
  29. ^ Henry Granger Piffard : A treatise on the materia medica and the therapeutics of the skin. William Wood & Company, New York 1881, pp. 113–116 (digitized version )
  30. ^ Theodor Husemann: Handbook of the entire drug theory. Springer, Berlin 2nd ed. 1883, pp. 837–838: (digitized version )
  31. ↑ Hugo Schulz : Lectures on the effect and use of German medicinal plants. Thieme, Leipzig 1929, 2nd ed., Pp. 115–117.
  32. ↑ Caroli Strack : De crusta lactea infantum ejuisdem specifico remedio. Frankfurt / Main 1779. (digitized version ) --- Carl Strack: From the children's cradle cap and a specific remedy darwider. Weimar 1788 (1st edition 1779). (Digitized version ) --- C. Strack de crusta lactea infantum… Review in: Allgemeine Deutsche Bibliothek. Volume 46, Item 1, Nicolai, Berlin and Stettin 1781, pp. 161–164 (digitized version )
  33. ^ Theodor Husemann. Handbook of the entire pharmacology. 2nd ed., Volume II, Springer, Berlin 1883, p. 837, (digitized version)