William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire

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William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire
Coat of arms of William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire KG PC FRS (born January 25, 1640 , † August 18, 1707 in London ) was an English peer and politician .

Life

Cavendish was the only son of William Cavendish, 3rd Earl of Devonshire and his wife, Lady Elizabeth Cecil, daughter of William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury . As his father's apparent marriage , he carried the courtesy title of Lord Cavendish during his lifetime .

In 1661 he was elected Knight of the Shire for Derbyshire in the English House of Commons . He was a member of the Whigs under Charles II and James II and one of the leading opposition and anti-Catholic groups. In the two subsequent elections in 1679 and 1681 he was confirmed as a member of the lower house. When his father died in 1684, he inherited his title of nobility as 4th Earl of Devonshire and 4th Baron Cavendish of Hardwick and thereby became a member of the House of Lords .

Cavendish signed as one of the Immortal Seven the letter of invitation to William of Orange , who landed in England in 1688, overthrew James II in the Glorious Revolution and named William III. officially became King of England at the beginning of 1689. Cavendish joined William shortly after his landing, raised his own cavalry regiment and fought as his colonel in 1689 in the War of the Two Kings in Ireland against the Jacobites . As part of the celebrations for the coronation of Wilhelm III. Cavendish was inducted into the Order of the Garter as a Knight Companion .

After the Revolution, Cavendish remained the Whigs' leading politician and was appointed Privy Counselor in 1689 . At the same time he took over the court office of Lord Steward , which he held until 1707. At the coronations of Wilhelm III. 1689 and Anne's 1702, he also held the state office of Lord High Steward . In recognition of his services, he was awarded the titles of Duke of Devonshire and Marquess of Hartington in 1694 . Cavendish was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the University of Cambridge in 1705 .

Chatsworth House

He had the family seat Chatsworth House in Derbyshire rebuilt between 1686 and 1707. During this time, the park facilities were also expanded.

family

He married on October 26, 1662 Lady Mary Butler (1646-1710), daughter of James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde and Elizabeth Preston, 2nd Lady Dingwall . The marriage had four children:

literature

  • Cavendish, William. In: HCG Matthew (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1995.
  • ER Edwards: Cavendish, William, Lord Cavendish. In: Basil Duke Henning (Ed.): The History of Parliament. The House of Commons 1660-1690. Secker & Warburg, London 1983, ISBN 0436192748 . ( Online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b The History of Parliament
  2. ^ William Arthur Shaw: The Knights of England. Volume 1, Sherratt and Hughes, London 1906, p. 39.
  3. ^ Cavendish, William, LL.D. 1705 . In: John Venn , John Archibald Venn (eds.): Alumni Cantabrigienses . A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900. Part 1: From the earliest times to 1751 , volume  1 : Abbas-Cutts . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1922, pp. 311 ( venn.lib.cam.ac.uk Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ thepeerage.com, accessed September 10, 2016
predecessor Office successor
New title created Duke of Devonshire
1694-1707 		William Cavendish
William Cavendish Earl of Devonshire
1684-1707 		William Cavendish
personal data
SURNAME Cavendish, William, 1st Duke of Devonshire
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cavendish, William, Lord Cavendish
BRIEF DESCRIPTION English peer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH January 25, 1640
DATE OF DEATH August 18, 1707
Place of death London