Wissbach (Glatt)

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Wissbach
Wissenbach
Data
Water code CH : 11052
location Mittelland

Switzerland

River system Rhine
Drain over Glatt  → Thur  → Rhine  → North Sea
source Risiwald near Schwellbrunn
47 ° 21 ′ 0 ″  N , 9 ° 14 ′ 54 ″  E
Source height approx.  955  m above sea level M.
muzzle at Tobelmühle after Wissbachtobel in the Glatt coordinates: 47 ° 23 '53 "  N , 9 ° 13' 57"  E ; CH1903:  735 420  /  251234 47 ° 23 '53 "  N , 9 ° 13' 57"  O
Mouth height 618  m above sea level M.
Height difference approx. 337 m
Bottom slope approx. 36 ‰
length 9.4 km
Catchment area 17.86 km²
Discharge at the mouth
A Eo : 17.86 km² 		MQ
Mq
 		500 l / s
28 l / (s km²)

The Wissbach or the Wissenbach is a river around nine kilometers long in the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and border river in the canton of St. Gallen .

The Wissbach begins west of Schwellbrunn . After Degersheim there is the Wissbachtobel or the Wissbach Gorge. This ravine is on the one hand a popular excursion destination, on the other hand it is characteristic of the small power plants located there from the early days of electricity generation. At the end of the ravine , the Wissbach flows into the Glatt .

geography

course

The kilometers of the Wissbach in brackets (km 0 = confluence with the Glatt).

Headwaters to the canton border

Headwaters

Schwellbrunn lies on a narrow ridge. The water to the east of the ridge is collected by the Glatt that arises there, that to the west of the ridge by the Wissbach. The catchment area of ​​the Wissbach also includes the Hintere Au ⊙ military training area (Hinteraubauch, mouth at km 6.63 ⊙ ) and the Rippistal ⊙ north of the Hochwacht (Rippistalbach, mouth at km 6.01 ⊙ ).

Lower Müli, Wissbach Viaduct
SOB Re 456 on the Wissbach Viaduct

To a large extent, the cantonal road Schwellbrunn – Degersheim to Untere Müli (at approx. Km 5.3 ⊙ ) accompanies the Wissbach, which is in a basin (approx. Km 8–5), before the road turns up towards Degersheim.

Near Untere Müli is the homonymous inn "Untere Mühle", a cultural asset of regional importance . A little further down is the 289.5 meter long and 63 meter high Wissbach Viaduct (originally: Weissenbach Viaduct ), a stone arch bridge made of stones broken on site (km 4.35 ⊙ ). The bridge is part of the Wattwil to Herisau railway line owned by SOB .

Wissweiher, Talmühle

Shortly before cantonal border near the Talmuhle ⊙ (km 2.88 and the bridge ⊙ ) the main road between Degersheim and Herisau is the Wissweiher (3.03 to 2.92 km ⊙ ) and the associated dam, now in possession of the Irdel from Baar for electricity production. Shortly thereafter, the Talbach, which collects the water from the east side of Degersheim, flows into the Wissbach (km 2.73 ⊙ ).

Wissbachtobel

The Wissbachtobel (also Wissbachschlucht , Wissenbachtobel , Wissenbachschlucht ) with its steep Nagelfluh walls begins at the confluence of the Talbach. From the Talmühle, the regional hiking trail 22 Appenzellerland culture trail leads along the Wissbachtobel and through the witnesses of the early days of electricity generation. There are several waterfalls in this section and split wood is provided at fire pits for day trippers.

Haslenmühle power plant and Wisssee weir

To operate the Haslenmühle in Gossau , an artificial pond of 92 ares was dammed up at Egg, the Wisssee (at approx. Km 2.0 ⊙ ). The associated 150 meter long pressure pipe has a drop height of 27.21 meters. The adjoining turbine house (at approx. Km 1.85 ⊙ ) was built into a crescent-shaped cave in the gorge. The electrical energy generated there was transmitted to Haslenmühle via a three-kilometer-long overhead power line. In 1914 the system was supplemented by a second turbine and a second pressure line, and the existing turbine was replaced. The mill was given up in 1959, and the power station owned by the Klingler milling family has been owned by Bieri Energie in Baar since 2005; the electricity generated there is fed into the Gossau network. The associated pond is largely silted up. The turbine station in the cave is considered an industrial monument.

In this gorge-like section, the footpath runs down a covered wooden staircase.

Schwänberg power plant and Stüdliweiher weir
Schwanberg Bridge

Shortly before the Schwänbergbrücke there is another turbine house (km 0.97 ⊙ ) that belongs to the Schwänberg power plant. The associated pond, which was then five hectares in size (today 2.92 hectares) is called the Stüdliweiher (approx. Km 1.5–1.1 ⊙ ).

The pond is named after the manufacturer and sawmill owner Johann Ulrich Stüdli (1863–1956). Despite the objections of Robert Klingler of the Haslenmühle power plant above and Victor Eberles (operator of the Kressbrunnenmühle power plant and the associated Buchholz dam ) due to the large dimensions and the feared disadvantages for themselves (debris, water retention), Stüdli received a concession in 1890 that extended into 1966 was considered. The power plant was built in 1917. The barrage was 15 meters high. In 1960 the power plant was integrated into the Stüdli Holz company. In 2003 the plant was taken over by the Appenzeller Energie Association at a symbolic price from the Stüdli Holz company due to the need for renovation as a result of the 1989 Dam Ordinance. Since the electricity production of the power plant, which was renovated for 1.3 million francs, was below expectations, it was sold on to SAK for 500,000 francs . In 2016, the power plant was transferred to Irdel in Baar, which specializes in hydropower plants, as part of a portfolio streamlining. The concession runs until 2026. After that, a further refurbishment is due, but this is questionable due to the lack of profitability.

The meadow landscape in the area of ​​the pond created by the bed load is an amphibian spawning area of ​​national importance and the turbine house is a cultural asset of regional importance .

Schwanberg Bridge

The 23-meter-long Schwänbergbrücke (km 0.95 ⊙ ) built in 1782 is a covered polygonal bridge made of fir wood for pedestrians, it connects the Flawil district of Egg with the Herisau district of Schwänberg and is part of the hiking trail. The height above water is 23 meters. A first bridge is documented as early as 1534/1537, a new one was erected in 1615, which was replaced by the current one in 1782. The bridge was important for Egg in that it formed the road from St. Gallen and Herisau to it. The bridge is a cultural asset of regional importance in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and in the canton of St. Gallen .

Estuary

Hiking trails from Egg and Schwänberg lead to Tobelmüli, where the Wissbach flows into the Glatt. From there, hiking trails lead to the ruins of Helfenberg and Gossau, as well as a path to the saltpeter cave .

Tributaries

Listed are tributaries that have a name:

  • Stofelbach R (km 8.31)
  • Hötzibach R (km 7.65)
  • Sägebach L (km 7.23)
  • Hinteraubach R (km 6.63)
  • Rippistalbach R (km 6.01)
  • Vorderaubach L (km 5.79)
  • Dietenbergbach L (km 4.78)
  • Mattbach L (km 3.78)
  • Talbach R (km 2.73) - the Talbach collects the water from the east side of Degersheim and flows into the Talmühle on the canton border.
    • Bachwisbächli R
      • Wannenbach L
    • Sackbodenbach L
    • Hengelenbachli L
    • Mülibächli L
  • Schöllenbach R (km 2.46)
  • Sangenbach L (km 1.41)
    • Wolfenswilbach R
  • Ergetenbach L (km 1.15)
  • Schwänbergbach West L (km 0.52)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Source view on water network 1: 10000 GN10 SG / AR / AI on geoportal.ch
  2. ↑ Geoserver of the Swiss Federal Administration ( information )
  3. ↑ a b c Modeled mean annual discharge. In: Topographical catchment areas of Swiss waters: sub-catchment areas 2 km². Retrieved September 7, 2017 .
  4. ↑ view source on 10000 gn10 SG / AR / AI: Hydrography 1 on geoportal.ch (Filter " Kilometrierung turn»)
  5. ^ Siegfried map from first edition in 1883 to final edition in 1944: Weissenbach ; National map of Switzerland from the first edition 1953 onwards. Wissenbach , since 1989 Wissbach . Other sources are inconsistent regarding Wissbach and Wissenbach .
  6. ↑ a b Corresponding information comes from the map GN10 (water network of the cantons of St.Gallen and both Appenzell), available in geoportal.ch (canton “SG” → layer “GN10” → filter “kilometrage”)
  7. ↑ Michael Hug: Hidden Elegance in the Tobel. In: St. Galler Tagblatt. August 2, 2012, accessed December 16, 2019 .
  8. ↑ The canton border is a geographical name for a hamlet in Herisau on the canton border with the canton of St. Gallen.
  9. ↑ a b Name according to the GIS information system (layer water network of the cantons of St.Gallen and both Appenzell GN10) in geoportal.ch
  10. ↑ Zita Meienhofer: Granted: Re-current from the Talmühle. In: St. Galler Tagblatt. April 11, 2017. Retrieved December 16, 2019 .
  11. ↑ schweizmobil.ch
  12. ↑ a b Wyssbach Gorge. In: Municipality of Flawil. Retrieved on December 16, 2019 (Swiss Standard German).
  13. ↑ a b c Glattkommission (Ed.): The used Glatt . 2010, p. 4–7 ( ueseriglatt.ch [PDF]).
  14. ↑ Idyll in the gorge. In: St. Galler Tagblatt. August 16, 2012, accessed December 16, 2019 .
  15. ↑ a b Wissenbach Gorge . In: BAFU (ed.): Federal inventory of amphibian spawning areas of national importance . 2017 ( admin.ch [PDF]).
  16. ↑ a b Herisau: "Schwänberg" is 100 years old. In: St. Galler Tagblatt. July 18, 2017, accessed December 19, 2019 .
  17. ↑ Schwänberg hydropower plant - initial situation and renovation. Appenzeller Energie, accessed on December 16, 2019 .
  18. ↑ AR118 Wissenbach Gorge. Nature info, accessed on December 16, 2019 .
  19. ↑ Schwänbergbrücke, Herisau (AR). In: Swiss Timber Bridges. Retrieved December 16, 2019 .