Zet (Manetho)

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Zet
Greek Manetho variants:



Greek equation
of Flinders Petrie
Africanus : Zet
Eusebius : missing
Eusebius, AV : missing

Ze n t eitai ( ζ η τ εΐται)
Ze n t eu ( ζ η τ έω)

The designation Zet ( Greek ζ η τ εΐται, ζ η τ έω, wanted, enigmatic, required ) is probably an abbreviation that Manetho (Africanus) used in his Aegyptiaca for the confusing sequence of the last pharaohs from the 23rd dynasty ( 3rd century AD ) . Meanwhile ) used.

background

Already Flinders Petrie suspected the term Zet to be an abbreviation for the statement " (Pharaohs) wanted for 31 or 34 years ". The term “Zet” was also discovered with Pompeian wall inscriptions in connection with the term “Zetema”, which translated means “a riddle follows ”.

The Pharaohs "Petubates, Osorcho / Osorthon and Psammus" as the Tanite 23rd dynasty are named as predecessors by Manetho . Africanus claims 40 years of reign for Petubastes, eight years for Osorcho and ten years for Psammus. In the versions of Eusebius, however, only 25 years of reign are mentioned for Petubastes. The total length of government of the first three pharaohs therefore varies between 43 and 59 years.

From the further remarks of Manethos it emerges that the pharaohs in question did not exist until at least 22 years after the first Olympiad (776–772 BC) from around 750 BC. May have ruled. With the nine or ten-year reign listed by Manetho, “Psammus” would be 760 BC at the earliest. Be recognized Chr., It is not provided at "Petubates" to confusion with Petubastis I. concerns.

Jürgen von Beckerath suspects that "Osorchon" should be equated with Osorkon IV , since Osorchon was nicknamed " Herakles ". The reign of Osorkon IV. Is for the period from about 732/30 to 722 BC. BC, which, however, contradicts the remaining 31 or 34 years according to the Manethonian calculation (Africanus), since the 23rd dynasty in this variant did not appear until 682 BC. Ends. Using the Manethonian Eusebius versions, the 23rd dynasty closed around 716 BC without the “Zet gap”. For "Petubates" on the one hand the equation with Petubastis II would result; on the other hand it follows that Manetho confused Petubastis II with Petubastis I.

In addition, when "Petubates" is equated with Petubastis I. as "missing pharaohs", among others, Takelot III. , Rudamun , Auput II and Scheschonq VI. supposed. The 24th dynasty follows in the Manethonic versions with only one king named Bakenrenef from Sais , whose reign ran from about 719/717 to 714/712 BC. Is set. In conclusion, according to Manethonian calculation, the 23rd dynasty with “Petubates” begins between 818 and 777 BC. Chr.

See also

literature

  • Gerald P. Verbrugghe, John M. Wickersham: Berossos and Manetho, introduced and translated. Native traditions in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor MI 2000, ISBN 0-472-08687-1 .
  • William Gillian Waddell: Manetho (= The Loeb classical library. Vol. 350). Heinemann et al. a., London 1940 (Reprinted edition. Harvard University. Press et al., Cambridge MA 2004, ISBN 0-674-99385-3 ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Term of office 31 or 34 years.
  2. ↑ Flinders Petrie : The Mysterious "Zet". In: Ancient Egypt. H. 1, 1914, ZDB -ID 216160-6 , p. 32.
  3. ^ Ernst Diehl : Pompeian wall inscriptions and related things (= small texts for lectures and exercises. 56, ZDB -ID 520652-2 ). 2nd increased edition. de Gruyter-Weber, Berlin 1930, No. 682 and 683.
  4. ↑ Jürgen von Beckerath : Osorkon IV. = Herakles. In: Göttinger Miscellen . No. 139, 1994, pp. 7-8.
  5. ↑ Gerald P. Verbrugghe, John M. Wickersham: Berossos and Manetho. Ann Arbor MI 2000, p. 201.