Ornamental banana
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Ornamental banana ( Ensete ventricosum ) |
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| Ensete ventricosum | ||||||||||||
| ( Welw. ) Cheeseman |
The ornamental banana ( Ensete ventricosum ), Ensete or Abyssinian banana is a type of plant from the genus Ensete within the banana family (Musaceae).
origin
Ensete ventricosum is native to tropical Africa, from Ethiopia to northern South Africa.
description
Ensete ventricosum grows as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of up to 6 meters and forms rhizomes . The pseudo trunk grows conically. The large, medium-green, approximately 3-meter-long leaves have a red central rib. The upright inflorescence consists of dark red colored bracts; the small, leathery fruits are inedible.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
history
Ornamental banana or ensete has been cultivated as a useful plant in Ethiopia for several thousand years. European travelers of the 17th century reported on the culture of the Ensete in Ethiopia, such as For example, the Portuguese Jesuit Manuel de Almeida and the priest Jerónimo Lobo and, in the 18th century, the Scottish traveler James Bruce . In the 19th century, Ensete in the north of Ethiopia seems to have been forgotten as food, probably for socio-political reasons.
Taxonomy and name explanation
The name Ensete ventricosum was published in 1948 in Kew Bull. 1947, p. 101. Synonyms are Ensete edule Bruce ex Horan. , Musa arnoldiana De Wild. , Musa ventricosa Welw. and Musa ensete J.F.Gmel. . The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word ventricosus for bulbous and refers to the bulbous trunks.
use
The ornamental banana is now being cultivated again as a food crop in Ethiopia. It is of particular economic importance for smallholders in this country. All parts of the plant can be used. Flour is made from the tubers for processing into bread or other baked goods. Immediately after the flower has appeared, the ideal time to harvest is to prepare kocho (fermented banana flour ). If you harvest too early, the starch content will be too low, and if you harvest too late, vegetative growth will stop and the starch will be used up for flowers and fruit development. The inner, younger false stems are cooked and served as vegetables. Fresh leaves are used as food for animals such as cattle and sheep, dried old leaves are used as roofing and the leaf sheaths are used for fiber production for the production of sacks, ropes and mats.
Ensete in literature
Jules Verne described Ensete in his work The Village in the Air in Chapter XIV:
"Li-Maï stopped in front of a clean hut, the roof of which was covered with the broad leaves of the Ensete, a banana widespread in the great forest, with the same leaves that the foreloper had used for the canopy of the raft."
sorts
- Ensete ventricosum 'Atropurpureum'
- Ensete ventricosum 'Green Stripe'
- Red ornamental banana ( Ensete ventricosum 'Maurelii', syn.Musa maurelii )
- Ensete ventricosum 'Montbeliardii'
- Ensete ventricosum 'Tandarra Red' (syn. Musa 'Tandarra Red')
- Ensete ventricosum 'Red Stripe' (syn. Musa 'Red Stripe')
- Ensete ventricosum 'Rubra' ( syn.Musa ensete 'Rubra')
The scarlet banana ( Musa uranoscopos or Musa coccinea ) from South China is closely related to species of the Ensete genus.
swell
- Andreas Bärtels: Tropical Plants . Ulmer Verlag, 2002 ISBN 3-8001-3937-5 , p. 117
- Admasu Tsegaye, PC Struik: Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) kocho yield under different crop establishment methods as compared to yields of other carbohydrate-rich food crops. NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 49, 81-94, 2001
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ensete ventricosum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 11, 2018.
- ↑ Musa ensete at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Ensete ventricosum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6 , p. 677.
- ^ A. Hartleben's Verlag, Vienna, Pest, Leipzig 1902
Web links
- Art at Plants of the Future
- Description and distribution map (English)
- detailed distribution area ( memento from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- Ensete ventricosum . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.