Cinnamon-colored soft pork
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Cinnamon-colored soft sponge ( Hapalopilus nidulans ) |
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| ( Fr. ) P. Karst. |
The cinnamon-colored soft pork ( Hapalopilus nidulans , syn. Hapalopilus rutilans ) is a species from the family of stem pork relatives (Polyporaceae). In Germany it grows preferentially on dead wood of oaks and hazelnuts and likes to develop ocher to cinnamon-brown fruiting bodies at lofty heights. The fungus is poisonous (polyporic acid syndrome).
features
Macroscopic features
The annual fruiting bodies are console-shaped or shell-shaped, have sharp and entire margins, rarely lie completely flat on the substrate and grow in rows or roof tiles one above the other. They protrude 2 to 5 cm from the wood, are 3 to 12 a maximum of 18 cm wide and up to 4 cm thick at the base. The cross-section is often triangular. Fresh, the Trama is soft and watery, when it is dry it fades, becomes very light and has a fibrous, corky, somewhat brittle consistency. The initially finely downy to rough upper side soon becomes bald and usually shows no or sometimes a few broad, slightly furrowed zones, the inner ones usually being smoother than the outer ones. The top is not covered by any crust. On the underside there are 2 to 4 angular and thin-walled tubes per millimeter. The layer can be up to 10 mm thick and appears ocher to whitish due to the cotton-like and sterile hyphae. The other parts of the fruit body are yellow to cinnamon brown, the top is usually darker. The pore surface of larger fruit bodies often has large cracks.
With alkalis ( NaOH , KOH , NH 4 OH ), all parts of the fruit body react violet, including dry matter. F. Kögl reported on the resulting dye, which was described by C. Stahlschmidt in 1877 in the Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde (1926). From 1.5 g of the fungus he crystallized 0.269 g of violet polyporic acid , a diphenyldioxyquinone.
Microscopic features
The hyphae system of the cinnamon-colored soft pore is monomitic. The generative hyphae are colorless and have buckles . In the Trama they are large, up to 10 µm wide, clearly thick-walled and richly branched. The hyphae are mostly smooth, but also partly with misshapen substances mixed with polygonal, light pink to brownish colored crystals. In contrast, the tramaic and subhymenial hyphae are smoother and narrower, up to 6 µm in diameter. There are no cystids . However, spindle-shaped cystidiols can occur. They are 18 to 22 µm long, 4 to 5 µm wide and have basal buckles. The club-shaped basidia also have buckles on the base and measure 18 to 22 µm in length and 4 to 5 µm in width. 4 spores mature per basidie . They are elliptical to cylindrical in shape, colorless, thin-walled and smooth. Their size is 3.5 to 5 by 2 to 2.5 and a maximum of 3 µm. The iodine color reaction in Melzer's reagent is negative.
ecology
The cinnamon-colored soft sponge grows on dead hardwood such as maple, apple, birch, beech, mountain ash, oak, alder, ash, hornbeam, hazel, elder, linden, prunus species, robinia, horse chestnut and willow. The fungus rarely colonizes softwood such as fir, spruce and pine. In Northern Europe, the species is found mainly on hazel and mountain ash, in Central Europe it is mainly found on oak. Beech, spruce, hazel and silver fir have proven to be the main hosts in Baden-Württemberg. In Bavaria the preference is for oak and hazel. But it is questionable whether the Bavarian silver fir stocks have been investigated sufficiently intensively to achieve a representative result in this regard.
The fruiting bodies sporulate from the end of midsummer until the next spring. When the humidity is below 40 percent and temperatures are lower, the spore production decreases.
distribution
The cinnamon-colored soft pork is distributed meridional to boreal in the Holarctic. In Asia, finds from China, Iran, Japan, Kamchatka, the Caucasus and Siberia are known. In North America, evidence exists from Canada and the United States. The fungus is also found in North Africa and the mountainous regions of Central and South Africa. In Europe, finds have been reported from almost all countries, only Ireland seems to be missing the species. To the north, the Porling is widespread as far as the Hebrides and Scandinavia; in Norway, the occurrence extends up to the 70th parallel. In Germany, reports of finds extend from the Danish border and the Frisian islands to the foothills of the Alps. The cinnamon-colored soft pork is widespread overall, but with different densities. The fungus is only rarely found in higher mountain areas and coniferous forest regions influenced by the subcontinental.
meaning
Polyporic acid syndrome
The cinnamon-colored soft pork is poisonous. The polyporic acid contained in the fruit bodies leads to central nervous disorders, visual disturbances and vomiting after a latency period of 12 hours. A striking symptom after consumption is the passing of purple-colored urine. To date, a single collective poisoning involving 3 people has been known and documented.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Leif Ryvarden, Robert L. Gilbertson: European Polypores, Part 1: Abortiporus - Lindtneria. Fungiflora, Oslo (Norway). 1993. ISBN 8-290-72412-8 .
- ^ A b Hermann Jahn: Central European Porlinge (Polyporaceae s. Lato) and their occurrence in Westphalia; Determination table . In: Westfälische mushroom letters 4 (2). 1963. p. 21. (PDF; 816 kB)
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 , pp. 533-534.
- ^ Johann Carl Friedrich Stahlschmidt: Contributions to the knowledge of the polyporic acid. In: Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 195 (3). 1879. pp. 365-372. doi : 10.1002 / jlac.18791950309
- ^ Fritz Kögl: Investigations on mushroom dyes V. The constitution of polyporic acid. In: Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie 447 (1). 1926. pp. 78-85. doi : 10.1002 / jlac.19264470108 .
- ↑ Walter Jülich: The non-leaf mushrooms, gelatinous mushrooms and belly mushrooms . Small cryptogam flora, Vol. II b / 1. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena. 1984. pp. 331-332. ISBN 3437202820 .
- ↑ Christoph Hahn, Claus Bässler: Large mushrooms as indicator species for climate change 1: Hapalopilus nidulans - an example of a species that avoids the cold . Mycol. Bav. 7. 2005. pp. 53-60.
- ↑ Ingo Nuss: On the ecology of the Porlinge. Investigations into the sporulation of some porlings and the species of beetles found on them. ( Memento of the original from May 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Bibliotheca Mycologia 45. Verlag J. Cramer, Vaduz (Liechtenstein). 1975. ISBN 978-3-768-20983-0 .
- ↑ German Society for Mycology : Distribution of the cinnamon-colored soft pork in Germany . In: Mushroom Mapping 2000 Online . Retrieved May 1, 2011.
- ↑ René Flammer, Egon Horak: Poison mushrooms - mushroom poisons. Mushroom poisoning. A reference work for doctors, pharmacists, biologists, mycologists, mushroom experts and mushroom pickers. Schwabe Verlag, Basel (CH). 2003. ISBN 978-3-796-52008-2 .
- ↑ Mila and Walter Hermann, Jürgen Langner, Siegfried Bauer, Ingrid Heinroth-Hoffmann, Friedrich-Wilhelm Rath: The cinnamon-colored soft pork - Hapalopilus rutilans - caused two cases of poisoning . In: Mykologisches Mitteilungsblatt 32 (1). Halle, 1989. pp. 1-4.
Web links
- Werner Pohl: Cinnamon-colored soft pork - Hapalopilus nidulans . On: Aphyllophorales News . Finds from the Rhine-Main area. No. 63. June 17, 2008. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- Karin Tegler: Dyeing wool with the cinnamon-colored soft pore . In: Flinkhand Forum . August 21, 2008, 0:56. Retrieved May 5, 2011.