Trembling grasses
Trembling grasses | ||||||||||||
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Great quaking grass ( Briza maxima ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Briza | ||||||||||||
L. |
Shiver grasses ( Briza ) are a genus of plants within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). The only five species left are common in Eurasia .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Quiver grass species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . They usually form clumps of different sizes and dry off after the seeds have formed. The simple leaf blades are flat and linear to broadly linear.
Generative characteristics
The spikelets stand on slender stalks in open, paniculate inflorescences . The egg-shaped to round, often heart-shaped, laterally flattened to spherical spikelets are characteristic. The spikelets contain several to many flowers. Since they stand on relatively thin stems, they often droop and tremble at the slightest wind movement; this has given the genus its common name trembling grass. In some species the inflorescences are so decorative that they are cultivated as ornamental plants.
The husks and lemmas stand out horizontally. The three to five-veined and broadly edged glumes are much shorter than the spikelets and narrowly ovate to rounded. The rounded to ovate, mostly rounded at the tip and often heart-shaped at the base, overlap closely. They have five to eleven nerves and are usually clearly hollow, often slightly keeled. The palea are slightly smaller than the lemmas and lanceolate to rounded. Her keel is slightly winged.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Briza was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Briza L. are: Tremularia Heist. ex Fabr. , Calosteca Desv. orth. var., Chondrachyrum Nees , Brizochloa V. Jirásek & Chrtek , Macrobriza (Tzvelev) Tzvelev .
Since 2011 only five species are included in the genus Briza :
- Briza humilis M. Bieb. : It occurs in Southeast Europe .
- Briza marcowiczii Voronow : It occurs from northwestern Turkey to the western Caucasus region.
- Great quaking grass ( Briza maxima L. ): The distribution area is Macaronesia and the Mediterranean area . It is a neophyte in Russia, Great Britain, North America, Japan, and Australia .
- Common trembling grass ( Briza media L. ): The wide distribution area extends from Europe to Siberia to China.
- Small trembling grass ( Briza minor L. ): The distribution area extends from Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to Iran .
Numerous species previously assigned to the genus Briza were classified in the genus Chascolytrum in 2010/2011 (selection):
- Briza ambigua Hackel => Chascolytrum ambiguum (Hack.) Essi, Longhi-Wagner & Souza-Chies
- Briza erecta Lam. => Chascolytrum erectum (Lam.) Desv.
- Briza lamarckiana Nees => Chascolytrum lamarckianum (Nees) Matthei
- Briza rufa (J. Presl) Steud. => Chascolytrum rufum J. Presl
supporting documents
- Sheng-lian Lu, Sylvia M. Phillips: Briza. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 22: Poaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 , pp. 256 (English). , PDF file , online .
- Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
- Hans Joachim Conert: Briza. In: Hans Joachim Conert (ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , p. 504–508 (published in deliveries 1979–1998 7th delivery, 1994).
- Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Briza L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 173 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Briza. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 3, 2016.