Giant teat umbrella
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Teat giant umbrella ( Macrolepiota mastoidea ) |
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| ( Fr. ) Singer |
The giant teat umbrella ( Macrolepiota mastoidea ) is a type of mushroom from the genus of the giant umbrella ( Macrolepiota ). Other German names are Spitzbuckliger Schirmling , warts Schirmling , warts screen mushroom , teats or Zitzenwarziger parasol mushroom .
features
Similar to the Parasol , the giant teat umbrella is a group of very similar, difficult to differentiate forms, whose taxonomic rank is disputed. What these shapes have in common is a simple ring (except for the giant white-stemmed teat umbrella) and a shape that is narrower than the Parasol. According to Gminder, the following forms belong to the complex around the giant teat umbrella.
Squat giant teat umbrella
The squat teat umbrella ( Macrolepiota mastoidea var. Mastoidea ) forms fruiting bodies with an 8 to 12, rarely up to 15 centimeter wide hat. The hat is egg-shaped when young, later bell-shaped, it remains long convex with a curved edge, only very late does it flatten and shows a teat-shaped raised hump in the middle of the hat (both the German and the scientific name are derived from this hat shape). The hat color is creamy-white and densely covered with fine ocher, hazelnut or reddish brown scales, while the middle of the hat is particularly densely covered with scales without being sharply defined. The stalk, about 10 to 15 centimeters long, only slightly thickened at the base, is dirty white to slightly cream-colored, sometimes inconspicuous with snakes of the same color. The simple ring is spotted brown on the top. The form occurs in Central Europe on juniper heaths , dry lawns , orchards and forest meadows, as well as in light beech and hornbeam-oak forests, it grows more rarely in hardwood meadows. The form is common in tropical and to temperate areas, it was found in Armenia , Western Siberia , China and the Altai , in America and tropical Africa.
Slim giant teat umbrella
It is difficult to distinguish this form ( Macrolepiota mastoidea var. Rickenii ) from the squat giant teat umbrella, it differs from this mainly in the slimmer stems. The slim-handled giant teat umbrellas are perceived very differently depending on the author.
Shimmering giant teat umbrella
This form ( Macrolepiota affinis ) shows an almost iridescent, red-brownish color of the hat. It is the only species with pigment-filled vacuoles in the top layer of the hat skin .
Ocher red teat giant umbrella
The ocher teat giant umbrella ( Macrolepiota prominens ) is a very controversial form. Horak names hats 5 to 12 (in exceptional cases up to 15 centimeters) wide hats, with an ocher-brown to brown center, covered with lighter, pressed, small scales against the edge of the hat. The stems are 12 to 20 inches long and 0.5 to 1.5 inches wide with a bulbous base. The blade edge is sometimes black. The demarcation to Macrolepiota nordica is difficult.
White-stemmed giant teat umbrella
This shape ( Macrolepiota nordica ) stands in its characteristics between the circle of shape around the parasol and the giant teat umbrella, as it shows a similar size and arrangement of the hat scales and a double ring as the parasol, but at the same time, like the circle of the teat giant umbrella, has a smooth stem and a teat-shaped hunched center of the hat.
ecology
Like the other species of the giant umbrella-shaped genus, the giant umbrella-shaped teats are saprobiontic ground dwellers.
meaning
Like the Parasol, the mushrooms from the shape of the giant teat umbrella are popular edible mushrooms.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
- E. Horak: Bolete and agaric mushrooms in Europe. 6th completely revised edition, Elsevier - Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005
