Dwarf birch milkling
| Dwarf birch milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius subcircellatus | ||||||||||||
| Bolder |
The dwarf birch Milchling ( Lactarius subcircellatus ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a medium to large milkling with a smeary and more or less zoned, brown to gray-brown hat and rich ocher-colored lamellas. The inedible Milchling occurs predominantly in the boreal region of Northern Europe and is associated with bog and dwarf birches.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 5.5-14 cm wide, initially arched, then spread out flat and slightly depressed in the middle, with the edge remaining curved for a long time. Later the hat is more depressed in the middle and finally deepened in a funnel shape. The greasy surface is clearly zoned, especially near the edge. The zones are colored gray-ocher, smoky gray, mouse gray, gray-brown, beige or cinnamon brown, the middle and the area between the zones is pale ocher-gray, pale mouse-gray, ocher-colored or isabel-colored.
The medium- wide lamellae are attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are quite crowded, sometimes forked near the handle and soon a rich ocher yellow, later also meat stalkers.
The cylindrical stem, which is often narrowed towards the base, is 4–8.5 cm long and 1.5–2.5 cm wide. The surface is smooth, dry and pale cream in color. With age, the stalk turns dark to ocher and the inside of the stalk becomes hollow.
The firm flesh is yellow ocher and more or less olive or grayish tint. It tastes mild, but has an unpleasant taste and tastes a bit bitter after a while. The smell is fruity-sour. The white, unchangeable milk tastes mild to pungent and after a while astringent . Nor is it discolored with potassium hydroxide . The spore powder is pale cream in color.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 8.7–9.4 µm long and 7.3–7.6 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.10–1.35. The spore ornament is about 0.5 µm high and consists of ribs and elongated warts. The ribs are often arranged like zebra stripes, often branched or not connected to each other in a network. Closed meshes do not occur or only rarely. The hillock is partially amyloid .
The 4-spore, more or less cylindrical to broadly clubbed basidia are 45–60 µm long and 10–13 µm wide. Pleuromacrocystids are only scattered. They are spindle-shaped to awl-shaped and 65–110 µm long and 7-13 µm wide. The lamellar edges are heterogeneous and covered with numerous basidia and very few, cylindrical, club-shaped or spindle-shaped cheilomacrocystids , these measure 54–70 × 9–10 µm.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 70–150 µm thick ixocutis with some erect hyphae . The hyphae are 1–6 µm wide, translucent, moderately intertwined, and gelatinized. The ends of the hyphae are blunt, somewhat heady or even constricted like a string of pearls. A brownish-gray pigment is deposited as a granular incrustation extracellularly on the hyphal membrane.
Species delimitation
The alpine location near dwarf birch, the ocher-colored lamellae, the clearly zoned, brown hat and the very large macrocystidae are features that can be used to determine the species with great certainty. Nevertheless, there are some species with which the Milchling can be confused with a superficial view.
In the banded hornbeam milkling , the similarity is already indicated in the scientific name L. circellatus . But it has a completely different ecology, light, pale cream-colored lamellae, a more gray-colored, dry or less greasy hat and a gray-green drying milk.
The Bent Milchling L. flexuosus has a differently colored, fleshier hat, is overall stronger, has distant, thicker and paler lamellae and a gray-green discoloring milk. It also usually grows in drier locations.
The Moor-Milchling L. hysginoides is usually smaller, not so clearly zoned and has paler lamellae.
The Kuhroter Milchling also has a much less zoned hat, an often speckled stalk and smells clearly of Maggi herb or fenugreek. All of the species mentioned have significantly smaller spores and smaller macrocystids.
Ecology and diffusion
The dwarf birch milkling is quite common in the boreal and arctic zones of Fennoscandinavia. In the rest of Europe the Milchling is missing. It is only found sporadically in the alpine zone of the Alps.
The dwarf birch milkling, like all milklings, is a mycorrhizal fungus that enters into a symbiotic relationship with peat and dwarf birches in particular. It often grows in damp places in mixed forests with bog birches or on mountain heaths with dwarf birches. The fruiting bodies appear between July and September.
Systematics
- Kühner's original Latin diagnosis
"L. circellatae affinis pileo magis minusve zonato, propter granulos intercellulares pigmenti in murinum colorato, sed sapore dulci vel amarescenti, haud acri, et cystidiis ope SP inertibus. Pileo 50-60 mm .; stipite cremeo, haud viscoso. Lamellis magis minusve stipatis, saturate ochraceis. Sporis in massa cremeis, 8.7-10 × 7.5-8 µ. (ornamentis exclusis, quae cristae magis minusve ramosae vel confluentes sunt). - In zona alpina Laponica. "
R. Kühner first described the species in 1975 in his work "Agaricales de la zone alpine" . According to M. Basso, the species is synonymous with Neuhoff's variety L. circellatus var. Alpicola , which the latter only provisionally described - as a noun nudum - in his Milchlings monograph (1956). According to B. Buyck et al., However, the alpicola variety is synonymous with Lactarius nanus J. Favre . Kühner collected the holotype of the species from Abisko in Swedish Lapland .
Kühner suspects in his first description that the milkling is related to the banded hornbeam milkling L. circellatus and therefore chose the species attribute ( epithet ) subcircellatus . The prefix sub can be translated as “a little” like. The translation of the species-specific epithet is "a little like L. circellatus ".
Inquiry systematics
M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the Milchling in the Trivialini subsection , which in turn is assigned to the Glutinosi section . The representatives have zoned or unzoned, brown, violet-brown or reddish-brown hats and a more or less invariable, whitish milk and a sticky to greasy hat skin. The hat skin is an ixocutis or an ixotrichoderm.
meaning
The Milchling is inedible.
Translation of the original Latin diagnosis
- ↑ Related to L. circellatae, more or less zoned, mouse-gray in color because of the granular, intercellular pigment, but with a mild or bitter taste, not pungent and (macro) cystidia with SP (sulfopiperonal) not reactive. Cap 50–60 mm, stem cream-colored, not smeary. Slats more or less crowded, rich ocher. Cream-colored spore powder, spores 8.7–10 × 7.5–8 μm (without ornament, this is burr, more or less branched or confluent). - In the alpine zone of Lapland.
swell
- Lactarius subcircellatus Kühner: 69, 1975. In: Mycobank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed January 23, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius subcircellatus. Kühner, Bull. Trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 91, 1975, p. 69. In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 2, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Vol. 7). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 133, 149-52 (Italian).
- ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society, (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 68-69 (English).
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed on November 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 87-635-1277-7 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 56 .
- ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius subcircellatus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved November 2, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, accessed on November 5, 2012 .
- ↑ Bart Buyck et al: Lactarius nanus J. Favre. In: Russulales News. Retrieved January 24, 2013 (English, remarks on taxonomy and original Latin diagnosis).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society, (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Lactarius subcircellatus. In: Russulales News. Retrieved November 2, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description).