Dwarf milkling
| Dwarf milkling | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius nanus | ||||||||||||
| J. Favre |
The dwarf milkling ( Lactarius nanus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a small milkling with an almost dry, ocher-gray to purple-brownish hat and a white, unchanging milk that grows near willows ( Salix spp.) In arctic and alpine regions . The Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1–3.5 (5) cm wide, arched flat when young and has a rolled edge. Later it is spread out flat or depressed in the middle and is not infrequently hunched to a point or has a papilla in the middle of the hat. The smooth surface is matt when dry and slightly grayish when young. With moisture, the hat skin becomes shiny and a little greasy. The hat is reddish to purple-brown in color and often becomes a little paler towards the edge. This is smooth to weakly grooved.
The broadly grown to slightly sloping lamellae are cream-colored when young and later light orange-brown. They are not forked or only sparsely forked near the handle. They become brown spots on pressure. The spore powder is white.
The cylindrical stem and partly widened towards the base is 1–2.5 cm long and 0.3–1 cm wide. The inside is mostly hollow. The surface is dry and smooth and when young, cream-colored and slightly frosted. Later the stem is glabrous and pale pink-brown to isabel-colored .
The cream-colored to brownish meat is almost odorless and tastes mild but at the same time somewhat astringent . It's pretty soft and brittle. The watery-white, scanty milk is invariable and has a sharp taste.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 7.7–8.2 µm long and 6.1–6.6 µm wide. Their Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of a few warts and ribs, most of which are connected like a network.
The rarely 2- and mostly 4-spore basidia are club-shaped to bulbous and measure 35–55 × 9–12.5 µm.
Pleuromacrocystidae are rare to fairly numerous and measure 45–85 × 6–9 µm. They are spindle-shaped to lanceolate. The lamellar edges are heterogeneous, that is, between the basidia are scattered to numerous cheilomacrocystids . These are bottle-shaped to more or less spindle-shaped and often constricted at the tip like a pearl chain and mostly rounded at the top.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 25–35 µm thick ixocutis , composed of parallel and partly ascending, 3–6 µm wide hyphae with protruding hyphae ends. The top layer is weakly gelatinized.
Species delimitation
The association with willows in arctic or alpine locations, the small size, the ocher-gray to violet-brown colored hat and the white, unchangeable milk are almost certain characteristics. The similar violet-brown Milchling and the similar false violet-Milchling can also be found at comparable locations . However, these differ in their milk, which slowly turns purple. They also have larger spores.
In the alpine dwarf shrub heather also grow the net willow milkling ( Lactarius salicis-reticulatae ) and the willow milkling ( Lactarius salicis-herbaceae ). However, both have cream-colored to yellowish fruit bodies. In addition, the milk of the net willow milkling slowly turns purple in the air.
The closely related Moor milkling ( Lactarius hysginoides ) is also quite similar, but has significantly larger fruiting bodies, more densely standing lamellae and slightly narrower spores. It also differs through its thicker ixocutis and a different ecology.
Ecology and diffusion
The rare Milchling occurs in the Nordic, Arctic and Alpine regions of Europe. The species is considered common in Greenland, and can also be found in Norway and Sweden. In Germany the species is only found in the Bavarian Alps, in Switzerland the Milchling is common, but not common.
The fruiting bodies of the dairy which appear in late summer (July to August) grow individually or in a few specimens in dwarf willows, especially in Salix herbacea , more rarely in Salix retusa .
Systematics
J. Favre found the Milchling at several points in various national parks in the Swiss Alps and delivered in 1955, the first description of this kind. 1958 described Z. Schaefer a very similar but slightly larger type, which he at 1900 m above sea level in the High Tatras had found and which he therefore called Lactarius tatrorum . Also Neuhoffs 1956 described taxon Lactarius circellatus var. Alpicola , by J. Blum 1976 Lactarius alpicola was elevated to a kind, is held by many mycologists for conspecific. According to Heilmann-Clausen, the taxon Lactarius jecorinus var. Monticola, described by FH Møller in 1945 and found in the Faroe Islands, is synonymous.
The specific epithet nanus means 'dwarf' or 'dwarfish'.
Inquiry systematics
Maria Teresa Basso and Jacob Heilmann-Clausen place the Milchling in the Trivialini subsection , which in turn is classified in the Glutinosi section . The representatives have brown, violet-brown or reddish-brown hats, a more or less invariable, whitish milk and a sticky to greasy hat skin. The hat skin is an ixocutis or an ixotrichoderm.
meaning
The Milchling is considered inedible.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 64-65 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 82.
- ^ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne and Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann and Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 978-87-635-1277-0 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 56 .
- ↑ Lactarius nanus J. Favre. In: gbif.org. Retrieved December 28, 2018 .
- ↑ Lactarius nanus. Pilzoek database, accessed November 3, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved November 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: nanus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 3108 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Volume 7 ). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 133, 144-148 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Lactarius nanus. In: Russulales News / muse.it. Retrieved May 1, 2016 (English, photos and original Latin description).
- Lactarius nanus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on November 2, 2012 (Italian, good photos of the dwarf milkling).