Reticulated willow milkling
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Reticulated willow milkling ( Lactarius salicis-reticulatae ) |
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The power willow Milchling ( Lactarius salicis-Reticulatae ) is a fungal art from the family of Täublingsverwandten (Russulaceae). It is a small, creamy to ocher yellow milkling with a greasy hat. Its flesh turns purple when cut. The inedible Milchling grows in arctic and alpine areas with dwarf willows and white root.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 1.5–3 (5) cm wide, flatly arched when young, soon spread out flat and partially depressed in the middle. The smooth surface is matt when dry, but shiny and very greasy when wet. The hat is cream-colored to pale yellow when young, later darker yellow to ocher-colored. The edge remains curved for a long time and is often bent in a wavy manner.
The medium-wide lamellae are light cream-colored when young and later increasingly pale ocher and more or less pink in color. They are attached to the stem or run down a bit. The lamellae are not or hardly forked, but often mixed with smaller intermediate lamellae at the edge of the hat . The spore powder is whitish to creamy white.
The cylindrical or extended to the base stalk is 1.5–3 cm long and 0.5–1 cm wide. In youth the interior is filled, in old age it is hollow. The smooth, often smeary, surface is white when young and is frosted along its entire length, later the stem is cream-colored to yellowish, especially towards the base of the stem.
The thin, brittle, but fairly firm flesh is white and slowly turns purple when cut. When fresh it smells of grated "geranium" leaves ( pelargonium ) and later more of dried apple wedges. It tastes bitter and astringent. The rather sparse, white milk turns purple in combination with the meat and tastes mild.
Microscopic features
The rounded to broadly elliptical spores are on average 10.2–10.6 µm long and 8.7–8.9 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of individual, sometimes irregularly elongated warts and ribs that are hardly connected in a network. The hillock is inamyloid .
The rather clubbed, 4-spore basidia are 50–63 µm long and 11–13 µm wide. The 80–115 µm long and 10–12 µm wide pleuromacrocystidia are not very numerous. They are more or less cylindrical to spindle-shaped and rounded at the tip or constricted like a string of pearls (moniliform). The lamellar edge is fertile, in addition to the basidia there are scattered, spindle-shaped to awl -shaped cheilomacrocystidae that measure 40–98 × 7–12 µm and have a narrowed or moniliform tip.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 100–150 µm thick ixocutis made of translucent hyphae , the uppermost layer of which consists of irregularly intertwined, more or less ascending, 1–3.5 µm wide hyphae. Below is a layer of more or less parallel arranged 2–4 µm wide hyphae.
Species delimitation
The Netzweiden-Milchling is the counterpart to the pale violet-Milchling ( L. aspideus ) in arctic and alpine willow communities . Both species are creamy to ocher yellow in color and have a narrow, fragile appearance.
The willow milkling Lactarius salicis-herbaceae occurs in similar locations, but prefers acidic silicate soils and is predominantly associated with Salix herbacea . It differs in its darker yellow tones and the often distant slats. In addition, its spores are ornamented more like a net and the basidia are smaller.
The usually much larger milkwort ( Lactarius dryadophilus ) has similar colors, a similar smell and a similar spore ornament, but usually has larger and stronger fruiting bodies, a shaggy, hairy brim and a small, pitted stalk.
Ecology and diffusion
The alpine to arctic species occurs in Fennoscandinavia, the Alps, the Pyrenees, the High Tatras (Poland) and on Greenland. It is also on the Red List of Mushrooms in Slovakia (3rd version 2001) and is therefore also found in the Carpathian Mountains . The Milchling is very rare in Germany and only occurs in the alpine zone of the Bavarian Alps. There is a well-documented find from the Frauenalpl in the Wetterstein Mountains, above the Schachenhaus at 2200 m above sea level. According to Kränzlin, the fungus is not common in Switzerland either.
The Netzweiden-Milchling grows preferentially on calcareous soils near dwarf willows such as the Netzweide and Weisser Silberwurz , with which the fungus forms a mycorrhiza . The fruiting bodies usually appear gregarious in August.
Systematics
The French mycologist R. Kühner described the species in 1975 in his work "Agaricales de la zone alpine" together with other alpine species as Lactarius aspideoides. A few months later he realized that GS Burlingham had already described a North American species under this name in 1907. This made his name an invalid homonym according to the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Mushrooms and Plants , since according to Article 53.1 the older name always takes precedence ( priority rule ). Therefore Kühner gave his species the new name Lactarius salicis-reticulatae only a few months later . Even if Burlingham's L. aspideoides is also a milkling whose flesh turns purple, it differs significantly from Kühner's kind. It is a strong milkling, with a sulfur-yellow and densely dark-yellow zoned hat, with white to cream-colored lamellae, with a sulfur-yellow, pitted stalk, 7–8 µm long and 5–7 µm wide spores and a bitter taste. Burlingham's Milchling also grows in grassy areas near fir trees.
The specific epithet "salicis-reticulatae" refers to the milkling's most important mycorrhizal partner, the reticulated willow ( Salix reticulata ).
Inquiry systematics
M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the Milchling in the Aspideini subsection , which in turn is in the Uvidi section. The representatives of the subsection have more or less greasy-sticky to slimy hats that are cream-colored to yellowish in color. The whitish milk turns the flesh purple or purple.
meaning
The Netzweiden-Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
swell
- Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society, (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius salicis-reticulatae. Kühner, Bull. Trimest. Soc. mycol. Fr. 91, 1975, p. 389. In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 2, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, p. 98-99 .
- ↑ a b c d e Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 100.
- ↑ a b A. Bresinsky, H. Kreisel and others: Mycological information from Werdenfelser Land: Bovista bovistoides, Lactarius salicis-reticulatae new for Germany and other mushrooms . In: Journal of Mycology . tape 66 (2) , 2000, pp. 123–150 ( online (PDF; 13.5 MB) - with a detailed description of L. salicis-reticulatae ).
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 87-635-1277-7 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 37-59 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius salicis-reticulatae. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, p. 271-73 .
- ↑ Grid map of Lactarius salicis-reticulatae. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on November 4, 2012 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ^ Lactarius salicis-reticulatae. Pilzoek database, accessed November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, accessed on November 4, 2012 .
- ↑ PAVEL LIZOŇ: Red List of Mushrooms in Slovakia (3rd version 2001) . 2001 ( online (PDF; 215 kB) - original title: ČERVENÝ ZOZNAM HÚB SLOVENSKA * 3. VERZIA (DECEMBER 2001) .). online ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ GS Burlingham: Some Lactarii from Windham County, Vermont . In: JH Barnhart (Ed.): Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club . tape 34 , 1907, pp. 87 ( online - original species description by Lactarius aspideoides ).
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Vol. 7). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 220, 246-50 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al: The genus Lactarius (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, p. 23-28 .
Web links
- Lactarius salicis reticulatae. In: Russulales News. Retrieved November 2, 2012 (English, nomenclature and original Latin description).