Silberwurz-Milchling
| Silberwurz-Milchling | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius dryadophilus | ||||||||||||
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The silver root milkling ( Lactarius dryadophilus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a medium-sized to large, purple-discolored milkling, with a more or less cream-colored, greasy hat, the edge of which is shaggy hairy. The Milchling grows in arctic and alpine locations and is a mycorrhizal fungus of the herbaceous silver arum.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 4–10 (–15) cm wide, flatly arched when young, later spread out and more or less depressed in the middle. Sometimes it is deepened almost navel. The smooth, matt surface is slightly frosted when young and sticky to greasy and shiny when moist. The hat is light cream to pale yellow or brownish-ocher in color. Especially in the middle of the hat it is often more brownish. The edge is initially curled, remains curved for a long time and is shaggy-tomentose with up to 2 mm long hair in its youth.
The medium- wide lamellae are attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are quite crowded and often forked. When young they are whitish to cream-colored, later yellow to reddish-ocher. The spore powder is off-white.
The cylindrical to slightly bulbous stem is 2–4 cm long and 1–2 cm wide. It is often more or less tapered towards the base, the inside is initially full and becomes pithy or hollow with age. The stem surface is smooth, whitish to pale cream-colored when young and mostly white with frost. Later, the stalk often has small, pitted spots. In old age, the base of the stem is usually spotted with ocher yellow.
The firm, whitish flesh slowly turns pale purple when cut, it smells fruity and tastes more or less mild. The white, mild-tasting milk only turns purple in combination with the meat.
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores are on average 10.2–10.3 µm long and 8.1–8.4 µm wide. The quotient of spore length and width is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.3 µm high and consists of a few isolated and often elongated warts as well as rather fine and narrow ribs that are little to strong network-like, but form no or only a very incomplete network. The hillock is inamyloid .
The bulbous to slightly clubbed and mostly 4-spore basidia are 60–80 µm long and 12–15 µm wide. The few numerous, more or less spindle-shaped pleuromacrocystids are narrowed at their tips or constricted like pearls on a necklace and measure 80–135 × 10–15 µm. The lamellar edges are sterile and have numerous cheilomacrocystids , 40–105 µm long and 7–13 µm wide . These are also spindle-shaped. In addition, there are paracystids 10–25 µm long and 4–6 (–10) µm wide , which can be cylindrical, convoluted or clubbed.
The cap skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 150–200 µm thick ixocutis or an ixotrichoderm consisting of upwardly irregularly intertwined, mostly upright, 3–6 µm wide hyphae , below which the hyphae are oriented more parallel to the cap skin.
Species delimitation
The Silberwurz-Milchling is the largest arctic-alpine Milchling and can therefore hardly be confused. It also has a shaggy, felty brim and flesh that turns light purple. The net willow milkling ( Lactarius salicis-reticulatae ) and the willow milkling ( Lactarius salicis-herbaceae ), both also alpine milklings, are quite similar . But they form much smaller fruiting bodies and have a smooth, bald brim. Two other alpine milklings with purple discoloring flesh are the violet-brown milkling ( Lactarius brunneoviolaceus ) and the false violet-milkling ( Lactarius pseudouvidus ). However, they have significantly brown fruit bodies. The Shaggy Violet-Milchling is also similar , but with shaggy hair all over the hat, it is more yellow in color and has a different ecology.
Distribution and ecology
The milkling, which is quite rare in Europe, has been found in Fennoscandinavia, the Alps, the Pyrenees and Greenland.
The Milchling appears singly or in a few copies on calcareous soils, often in grasslands rich in silver root in alpine or arctic locations. Possibly dwarf willows can also serve as hosts. The fruiting bodies appear from August to mid-September.
Systematics
The species was described by Kühner in 1975 together with other mushrooms in the Alpine region. A very similar species was previously found in Greenland by Terkelsen and described as L. groenlandicus in 1956 , although this name is (possibly incorrectly) considered synonymous with Lactarius pubescens , as the desiccates of the two species were exchanged or mixed after the Greenland expedition.
The species attribute dryadophilus means silver root-loving and is derived from the Greek word philos and the scientific generic name Dryas ( silver root ).
Inquiry systematics
M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the Milchling in the Aspideini subsection , which in turn is in the Uvidi section. The representatives of the subsection have more or less greasy-sticky to slimy hats that are cream-colored to yellowish in color. The whitish milk turns purple or purple in color in connection with the meat.
meaning
Despite its predominantly mild taste, the Milchling is considered inedible.
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of: Lactarius dryadophilus Kühner. In: SpeciesFungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 1, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c d e Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 102-103 (English).
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 60.
- ↑ Torbjørn Borgen, Steen A. Elborne, Henning Knudsen: Arctic and Alpine Mycology . Ed .: David Boertmann, Henning Knudsen. tape 6 . Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 87-635-1277-7 , A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes, p. 56 .
- ^ Lactarius dryadophilus. Pilzoek database, accessed November 3, 2012 .
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, accessed on November 3, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon (= Fungi Europaei . Vol. 7). 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 220, 227-232 (Italian).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society, (= Fungi of Northern Europe . Vol. 2). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Lactarius dryadophilus. In: Russulales News. Retrieved November 1, 2012 (English, photos and original Latin description).