Shaggy violet milkling

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Shaggy violet milkling
Lactarius repraesentaneus 73826.jpg

Shaggy violet milkling ( Lactarius repraesentaneus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Milklings ( Lactarius )
Type : Shaggy violet milkling
Scientific name
Lactarius repraesentaneus
Britzelm.

The shaggy violet milkling ( Lactarius repraesentaneus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a large, yellow milkling whose watery white milk turns violet in the air and whose greasy, sticky hat is shaggy hairy on the edge. The stem is often spotted with pits, so that the mushroom is strongly reminiscent of the pitted milkling ( Lactarius scrobiculatus ). The inedible Milchling appears from the end of July to October in acidic, more or less humid spruce forests near spruce or birch. It is also called Violet-Milky Villi-Milkling or Violet-Milky Villi- irritant .

features

View of the underside of the hat with the lamellae of an older specimen

Macroscopic features

The hat is 5–10 (15) cm wide, almost hemispherical when young, then arched to flattened and partially depressed in the middle and often has a central, flat and blunt hump. In old age the hat is deepened in a flat funnel shape. The surface is initially ingrown, fibrous, later when pressed, flaky and moist, greasy, sticky and shiny. The surface is matt when dry. The hat is light yellow to golden yellow in color, the edge remains curved for a long time and is shaggy and tomentose. The whole mushroom can turn a little violet at pressure points.

The narrow lamellae are creamy white when young and later pale yellow; they also turn purple when injured. They are broad on the stem or run down a bit, some are forked. The blade edges are smooth.

The cylindrical to bulbous stem is 5–8 (–12.5) cm long and 1.2–3 cm wide. The base is sometimes tapered a little. The surface is covered with irregularly distributed, darker, pitted spots on a cream-colored to light yellow background, the inside of the stem tends to become hollow quickly. In damp weather, the handle is very greasy and occasionally exudes water droplets.

The whitish to pale yellow, firm flesh slowly turns purple to purple when cut. It smells pleasantly spicy or flower-like and tastes mild at first and then bitter to pungent. The white to watery, abundantly flowing milk only turns purple to purple in color in connection with the meat. It tastes mild and then unpleasantly resinous-tart.

Microscopic features

The almost round to broadly elliptical spores are on average 9.5–9.8 µm long and 7.5–7.8 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.2–1.4. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 (–0.7) µm high and consists of many warts as well as fairly wide ribs, most of which are network-like to form an incomplete to almost complete network. Isolated warts are often elongated burrs, the hillock is inamyloid .

The rather club-like, mostly four-pored, more rarely two-pored basidia are 50–65 µm long and 10–13 µm wide. The lamellar edges are sterile and very numerous with spindle-shaped to awl- shaped cheilomacrocystids that are 45–110 µm long and 8-10 µm wide. They have a short, attached point at the top or are constricted like a pearl necklace. The spindle-like pleuromacrocystidia are 80–110 (–130) µm long and 10–12 µm wide and are very sparse to numerous.

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 100–150 µm thick ixocutis or an ixotrichoderm and consists of parallel and ascending hyphae 2–5 µm wide , below which one finds parallel 4.5–6 µm wide hyphae. The cell walls of the often slightly swollen hyphae ends can sometimes be slightly thickened.

Species delimitation

The Shaggy Violet Milkling is a fairly easy to recognize species. In terms of its appearance, it looks quite similar to the Grubige Milkling ( L. scrobiculatus ). The almost mild milk, which turns purple, the lighter, livelier hat color, the longer villi and the location make it easy to distinguish the two species. In addition, the hats of young fruiting bodies are often hunched and the stems are slimmer.

It differs from the other milklings with violet discolouring milk in its size, the yellow-colored hat and the pitted stalk.

ecology

The Shaggy Violet Milkling is a mycorrhizal fungus that mainly enters into a symbiosis with spruce trees , and birch trees are also an option as hosts. Following the host, the Milchling can be found mostly in spruce, fir and spruce forests as well as in the corresponding spruce forests. The Milchling likes fresh to moist, acidic and lime-free, nutrient-poor soils. It is not uncommon to find it on boggy or podsolized sandy and raw humus soils.

The fruiting bodies appear in the hills and mountains from late July to mid-October.

distribution

Distribution of the shaggy violet milkling in Europe. Countries in which the Milchling was detected are colored green. Countries with no sources or countries outside Europe are shown in gray.

The Holarctic milkling was found in North Asia (North and East Siberia, Japan and South Korea), North America (eastern USA and Canada), Greenland, North Africa and Europe. In Europe the species shows a temperate to boreal , partly also subarctic to alpine distribution. The Milchling is rarely found in Scotland and is otherwise absent in Great Britain and Ireland. In the Benelux countries, too, the Milchling is extremely rare or absent entirely. The species is rare to very rare in Central Europe, but occurs in northern Italy, eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary and Germany. In Northern Europe, the Milchling is found quite frequently throughout Fennoscandinavia. Its distribution area extends northward in Sweden to the arctic-alpine Lapland and in Norway to the North Cape. The fungus is also found in the Hebrides and Svalbard. The Milchling is quite rare in Estonia.

In Germany, the Milchling is widespread from the seashore to the Alps, but is very irregularly distributed. Only from Saxony there does not seem to be any evidence. The species is in decline and is particularly endangered by the lowering of the groundwater level, drainage, and the lime and fertilization of forest soils. The fungus is also rare in Switzerland and Austria.

Systematics

The Shaggy Violet-Milchling was described by Max Britzelmayr in 1885. The species is synonymous with Lactarius scrobiculatus var. Repraesentaneus (Britzelmayr) Killermann (1933) and the variety L. scrobiculatus var. Violascens described by Lindblad in 1855 .

Inquiry systematics

The Shaggy Violett-Milchling is placed in the Aspideini subsection by M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen , which in turn is in the Uvidi section. The representatives of the subsection have more or less greasy-sticky to slimy hats that are cream-colored to yellowish in color. The whitish milk turns the flesh purple or purple.

meaning

Due to the bitter to pungent taste, the Milchling is considered inedible.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 198 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 94.
  3. ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 : The genus Lactarius , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 104-105 (English).
  4. ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 364.
  5. ↑ a b Worldwide distribution of Lactarius repraesentanus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  6. ^ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen et al.: Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 : The genus Lactarius , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
  7. ↑ a b Grid map of Lactarius repraesentanus. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Lactarius repraesentanus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  9. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Lactarius repraesentanus. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  10. ↑ Lactarius repraesentanus. In: grzyby.pl. Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  11. ↑ Rapportsystemet för växter och svampar ( Memento of December 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Reporting system for vekster: Lactarius repraesentanus. (No longer available online.) In: artsobservasjoner.no. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012 ; Retrieved June 29, 2012 .
  13. ↑ Kuulo Kalamees: Checklist of the species of the genus Lactarius (Phallomycetidae, Agaricomycetes) in Estonia . In: Folia Cryptogamica Estonica . tape 44 , 2008, p. 63-74 ( ut.ee [PDF; 601 kB ]). ut.ee ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ut.ee
  14. ↑ Lactarius repraesentanus. Pilzoek database, accessed June 29, 2012 .
  15. ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved June 29, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsl.ch
  16. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed June 29, 2012 .
  17. ^ Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon . tape 7 : Fungi Europaei , 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , p. 48-63, 220-21, 237-41 (Italian).

Web links

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