Decaspermum
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| JR Forest. & G.Forst. |
Decaspermum is a genus of plants withinthe myrtle family (Myrtaceae). The approximately 34 species are originally found in Southeast Asia (for example China), Malesia , New Guinea , on the Pacific Islands and in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales .
description
Appearance and leaves
Decaspermum species grow as evergreen shrubs or trees . Young above-ground parts of the plant can be hairy or bare. The branches, which are round or square in cross section, have a bare or hairy bark . They contain essential oils .
The constantly against arranged on the branches leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The simple leaf blades are dotted with glandular and pinnate veins with intramarginal leaf veins . The relatively small and thread-like stipules fall off early.
Inflorescences and flowers
The flowers are single or few in mostly lateral or more rarely terminal, zymous , racemose or paniculate inflorescences . The bracts are often relatively small and sometimes they fall off early.
The often fragrant flowers are hermaphroditic, but sometimes also purely male on a specimen. The radial symmetry flowers are rarely three to five-fold with a double flower envelope . The flower cup (hypanthium) is spherical, jug-shaped or inverted-cone-shaped. The usually five, sometimes somewhat unequal, sepals are durable. The mostly five free, white to pink petals are dotted with glands. Many fertile stamens are arranged in several circles . The free stamens are thread-like. The spherical anthers open with a longitudinal slit. Three to twelve fruit leaves are three to one from constant until zwölfkammerigen ovary grown. In each ovary chamber there are usually one to two, more rarely up to four, ovules in the central angular placentation . The thread-like stylus ends in a cephalic or shield-shaped (peltate) scar.
Fruits and seeds
The spherical berries are ribbed vertically and contain three to about twenty seeds. The sepals can be seen on the fruits. The seeds are separated from each other by vertical false partitions. The seed coat (testa) is hard. The curved, horseshoe-shaped embryo has a long radicle and two very small germ layers ( cotyledons ).
Spread and endangerment
The genus Decaspermum occurs with around 34 species in Southeast Asia (nine species, for example southern China), Malesia , New Guinea (around 14 species), on the Pacific Islands and in the Australian states of Queensland (two species) and New South Wales (one species) .
In Australia, Decaspermum struckoilicum is considered "Endangered" = " critically endangered". In the IUCN Red List, only Decaspermum vitiense is listed as “Least Concern” = “not endangered”; this rating is from 1998 and needs to be revised , it is one of the most common tree species on the Fiji Islands.
Systematics
The genus Decaspermum was established in 1775 by Johann Reinhold Forster and Georg Forster in Characteres Generum Plantarum , 1st edition, p. 73, plate 37. Type species is Decaspermum fruticosum J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. Synonyms for Decaspermum J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. are: Nelitris Gaertn. , Pyrenocarpa HungT.Chang & RHMiao nom. inval. The generic name Decaspermum is made up of the Greek words deca (δέκα) for ten and sperma (σπέρμα) for seeds, this refers to the number of seeds of the type material.
The genus Decaspermum belongs to the tribe Myrteae in the subfamily Myrtoideae within the family of Myrtaceae .
There are about 30 to 34 Decaspermum species (here with their distribution):
- Decaspermum albociliatum Merr. & LMPerry : This endemic occurs only in Baoting in the Chinese province of Hainan in forests at altitudes of 200 to 400 meters.
- Decaspermum alpinum P.Royen : It is native to New Guinea .
- Decaspermum arfakense Diels : It is native to western New Guinea.
- Decaspermum austrohainanicum H.T.Chang & RHMiao : It is only known from the type collection in southern Hainan (Yaxian: Yanglin Shan).
- Decaspermum belense Merr. & LMPerry : It is based in western New Guinea.
- Decaspermum blancoi Vidal : It is native to the Philippines.
- Decaspermum bracteatum (Roxb.) AJScott : It occurs in Sulawesi and New Guinea.
- Decaspermum cryptanthum A.J.Scott : This endemic is only found on the Fiji island of Vanua Levu .
- Decaspermum exiguum Merr. & LMPerry : It is based in Papua New Guinea .
- Decaspermum forbesii Baker f. : It is native to Papua New Guinea .
- Decaspermum fruticosum J.R. Forst. & G.Forst. : It is native to islands in the South Pacific.
- Decaspermum glabrum H.T.Chang & RHMiao : It is only known from the type collection on mountain slopes in southwestern Guangdong (Zhanjiang Diqu).
- Decaspermum gracilentum (Hance) Merr. & LMPerry : It occurs in forests at medium altitude in Vietnam , on the Hengchun Peninsula and Lan Yu in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi , southern Guizhou and Hunan .
- Decaspermum hainanense (Merr.) Merr. : It occurs in forests or thickets on clay or humus-rich soils at altitudes of 400 to 2500 meters in the Hainan province.
- Decaspermum humile (Sweet ex G.Don) AJScott : It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland and New South Wales .
- Decaspermum lanceolatum J.W. Moore : This endemic occurs only on the island of Raiatea , which belongs to the Society Islands .
- Decaspermum lorentzii Lauterb. : It is native to western New Guinea.
- Decaspermum montanum Ridl. : It is widespread in Hainan, Cambodia , Malaysia , Thailand and Vietnam.
- Decaspermum neoebudicum Guillaumin : It is native to Vanuatu .
- Decaspermum neurophyllum K.Schum. & Lauterb. : It is native to New Guinea.
- Decaspermum nitentifolium Merr. & LMPerry : It is based in New Guinea.
- Decaspermum nivale (Ridl.) Merr. & LMPerry : It is based in New Guinea.
- Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) AJScott : It is widespread in southern China, Vietnam, Cambodia, northeast India , Myanmar , Thailand , Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Pacific Islands.
- Decaspermum parvifolium (Ridl.) AJScott : This species is widespread in Southeast Asia to the western Pacific.
- Decaspermum philippinum A.J.Scott : It occurs only on the Philippine island of Palawan .
- Decaspermum prunoides Diels : It is native to Papua New Guinea.
- Decaspermum raymundi Diels : It isnativeto the Carolines .
- Decaspermum salomonense A.J.Scott : It isnativeto the Solomon Islands .
- Decaspermum struckoilicum N.Snow & Guymer : This species, which was only newly described in 2001, is native to east-central Queensland.
- Decaspermum teretis Craven : This species, which was first described in 2006, occurs in southern Hainan.
- Decaspermum triflorum A.J.Scott : It isnativeto the Lesser Sunda Islands .
- Decaspermum urvillei (DC.) AJScott : It occurs in the Bismarck Archipelago .
- Decaspermum vitiense (A.Gray) Nied. : It occurs in the Fiji Islands.
- Decaspermum vitis-idaea Stapf : It occurs on Borneo and Sulawesi.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Peter G. Wilson: Entry in the New South Wales Flora Online . last accessed on January 24, 2013
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jie Chen & Lyn A. Craven: Myrtaceae : Decaspermum , p. 332 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 13 - Clusiaceae through Araliaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2007. ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Decaspermum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ↑ EPBC Act List of Threatened Flora . Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ↑ Decaspermum vitiense in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2012. Posted by: World Conservation Monitoring Center, 1998. Accessed January 24, 2013.
- ↑ Entry in Tropicos . Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ↑ a b Entry in Australian Plant Name Index = APNI . Retrieved January 24, 2013.
- ^ A b Decaspermum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. last accessed on January 24, 2013
