Bent Milchling

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Bent Milchling
The bent milkling (Lactarius flexuosus)

The bent milkling ( Lactarius flexuosus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Milklings ( Lactarius )
Type : Bent Milchling
Scientific name
Lactarius flexuosus
( Pers. ) Gray

The bent milkling ( Lactarius flexuosus ) is a species of fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium to large milkling with a grayish to brownish, thick-fleshed hat, quite distant lamellae and a very sharp taste. The fruiting bodies of the inedible Milchling appear from late July to early November.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 3–11 cm wide, initially arched, then flattened and depressed in the middle, with the edge more or less inflected. Later the hat is increasingly depressed and the brim gradually spreads out and often bent irregularly. The dry surface of the hat is smooth, dull and frosted when young and sometimes cracked or slightly scaly in the center with increasing age. When wet, it becomes sticky and shiny. The gray to smoky gray, pinkish gray to purple-brown, clay-ocher-colored or beige hat is often zoned darker in the outer half.

The rather distant lamellae are attached to the stem or run down easily. They are quite broad, thick and brittle and sometimes forked near the stem. When young they are light cream-colored, later reddish-ocher. The spore powder is pale cream in color.

The cylindrical or downwardly tapering stem is 1.8–6 cm long and 0.7–4 cm wide. Its surface is smooth or slightly uneven to weakly veined and grooved. It is dry, whitish to cream-colored when young, with a slight purple shade and frosted, later more purple-gray, often mottled pale mouse-gray and ocher-yellow or with cream-colored spots towards the base.

The white to cream-colored flesh is firm, thick in the hat and full or stuffed in the stem. It tastes very hot almost immediately and smells slightly fruity-sour. The white, unchanging and abundantly flowing milk tastes very hot immediately.

Microscopic features

The almost round to elliptical spores are on average 7.1–7.8 µm long and 5.8–6.2 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.10–1.35. The spore ornament is 0.5–1 µm high and consists of warts and ridges. These are often branched or connected by thin lines and occasionally form closed meshes. Isolated, often elongated warts are quite numerous, the hilarity is more or less amyloid in the outer part .

The rarely 2-spore, mostly 4-spore and more or less club-shaped basidia are 40–55 µm long and 8.5–10.5 µm wide. The spindle-shaped to lanceolate pleuromacrocystidia are quite numerous and measure 50–90 × 7.5–11 µm. Numerous spindle-shaped to cylindrical cheilomacrocystidia and isolated basidia sit on the lamellar cutting edge. The cheilomacrocystidia are 30–70 µm long and 6–8 µm wide and taper towards the top. Sometimes the tip is constricted like a pearl necklace (moniliform).

The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 50–100 µm thick ixocutis composed of mostly parallel, 2–5 µm wide and more or less gelatinized hyphae .

Species delimitation

The Rosagezonte Milchling ( L. roseozonatus ) looks very similar to the Bent Milchling. It differs in the less clearly zoned hat and the more crowded and sometimes spotted lamellas. Today, this species is usually only considered a variety of the bent milkling, as the two species hardly differ microscopically.

The Nordic Milchling ( L. trivialis ) can also be quite similar and occurs in similar locations. However, this has a very slimy hat and stem when it is wet and is always a bit sticky even when dry. Microscopically, it differs in its significantly larger spores and a completely different hat skin.

ecology

The Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that prefers to enter into a symbiosis with spruce, but birch and pine can also serve as hosts. It may also be associated with poplars. The Milchling is therefore preferably found in spruce forests, as well as under scattered spruce, birch or pine trees in beech and hornbeam-oak forests on moderately dry, base and nutrient-poor, grassy or mossy soils. You can also find it on forest paths, at the edges of the forest, in clearings and occasionally in parks. The fruiting bodies appear from late July to early November.

distribution

Distribution of the bent milkling in Europe. Countries in which the Milchling was detected are colored green. Countries with no sources or countries outside Europe are shown in gray.

The bent milkling is common in North America (USA) and Europe. In Western Europe it was found in France, the Benelux countries and Great Britain, in Central and Southern Europe it is mainly found in and around the Alps and Carpathians. In Fennoscandinavia it is distributed quite differently, while it is quite rare in Denmark and Norway, it is common in southern and central Sweden and Finland.

In Germany, the Milchling is distributed irregularly and very patchy from the coast to the Alpine foothills, and it is not common in Switzerland.

Systematics

The Bent Milchling was first in 1801 by Hendrik Persoon as Agaricus lactifluus flexuosus described, and in 1821 by EM Fries as Agaricus flexuosus Pers .: Fr. sanctioned . In the same year, the British botanist and pharmacologist Samuel Frederick Gray placed it as Lactarius flexuosus (Pers. Ex: Fr.) Gray , in the genus Lactarius , so that the milkling received its species name that is valid today. While it is doubtful whether Persoon's original diagnosis of Agaricus lactifluus flexuosus relates to the current species, Frie's description is in full accordance with current understanding of the species.

The Latin species attribute "flexuosus" means curved and refers to the typical bent edge of the hat.

Inquiry systematics

Basso places the Milchling in the Pyrogalini subsection , which in turn is in the Glutinosi section. The representatives of the subsection somehow have gray, gray-brownish, rarely olive-colored, dry or smeary hats. The spore powder is usually off-white.

Subspecies and varieties

  • Russula flexuosus var. Roseozonatus H. Post (1863)
The variety was raised to a species by Britzelmayr in 1885, but is now viewed by most authors as a mere variety, which differs mainly in its zoned and more or less wine-pink tinted hat.
The hat is conspicuously fleshy 6–10 cm wide and zoned diffusely gray-pink on a creamy pink to lavender-tinted background. The lamellas are quite distant and are pale cream in color. The 1–2 cm thick stem is rather short with 2–5 cm in length. It is colored similar to the hat and is slightly striped at the base of the hat in continuation of the slats. The flesh is pale and the milk sharp and unchanging. The spores measure 8 × 7 µm and are ornamented with burrs or reticulations. The Milchling grows under deciduous trees, but also under pines. The variety is very rare in Germany.

meaning

The spicy-tasting Milchling is not edible.

literature

  • Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (=  Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 84 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 82.
  3. ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 392.
  4. ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (=  Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 54 .
  5. ↑ a b Lactarius flexuosus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. 2011, accessed on September 13, 2011 : "Lactarius flexuosus"
  6. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius flexuosus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved September 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  7. ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society (=  Fungi of Northern Europe . Volume 2 ). 1998, p. 271-73 .
  8. ↑ Denchev, Cvetomir M. & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the macromycetes of Central Balkan Mountain (Bulgaria) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 592 kB ]).
  9. ↑ Interactive map of Lactarius flexuosus. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Archived from the original on December 24, 2012 ; accessed on March 3, 2012 .
  10. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Lactarius of the Ukraine. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on October 18, 2012 ; accessed on March 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
  11. ↑ Christiaan Henrik Persoon: Synopsis methodica fungorum . sistens enumerationem omnium huc usque detectarum specierum, cum brevibus descriptionibus nec non synonymis et observationibus selectis. Henricum Dieterich, 1801, p. 430 (Latin, gallica.bnf.fr ).
  12. ↑ Elias Magnus Fries: Systema Mycologicum . tape I . Ex Officina Berlingiana., Lund & Greifswald 1821 (Latin, cybertruffle.org.uk ).
  13. ^ Samuel Frederick Gray: A natural arrangement of British plants . tape I . Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, London 1821, pp. 624 (English, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  14. ^ Karl Ernst Georges: flexuosus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 2790 ( zeno.org ).

Web links

Commons : Bent Milchling ( Lactarius flexuosus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files