Cyclone Gonu

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Cyclone Gonu
Super cyclonic storm ( IMD )
Category 5 cyclone ( SSHWS )
Cyclone off the Arabian Peninsula
Cyclone off the Arabian Peninsula
Emergence June 1, 2007
resolution June 7, 2007
Peak wind
speed
240  km / h (150  mph ) (sustained for 3 minutes)
270  km / h (165  mph ) (sustained for 1 minute)
Lowest air pressure 920  hPa ( mbar )
dead 78 total, 37 missing
Property damage $ 4.4 billion (2007)
Affected
areas 		Oman , United Arab Emirates , Pakistan , Iran
Season overview:
cyclone season in the North Indies 2007

Cyclone Gonu (JTWC designation: 02A , also known as Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu ) was the strongest known tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea and, together with another cyclone, also the strongest known cyclone in the northern Indian Ocean . Gonu was the second named storm of the hurricane season in the northern Indian Ocean in 2007 and developed from a permanent convection area in the eastern part of the Arabian Sea on June 1st . Due to favorable conditions at altitude and the warm water surface, a rapid intensification began , which, according to the India Meteorological Department , allowed Gonu to reach peak wind speeds of 240 km / h on June 3 . Gonu weakened somewhat as the storm encountered dry air and cooler water, but on the evening of June 5, when it hit the eastern tip of Oman, it was the strongest tropical cyclone that hit the Arabian Peninsula since observations began . Cyclones of this intensity are rare in the Arabian Sea because most of the tropical cyclones in this area are rather small in diameter and dissolve quickly.

The cyclone caused damage of about 4 billion US dollars (2007) and its impact killed in Oman more than 50 people; there the storm event was called the worst natural disaster that has ever struck the country. Gonu caused heavy rainfalls in the eastern coastal area, which reached up to 610 mm - which roughly corresponds to the annual rainfall of Heidelberg - and caused floods and severe damage. In Iran Gonu is responsible dollars for 23 deaths and damages in an amount of $ 215 million.

Storm course

Cyclone Gonu Railway Track

On May 27, there was an extensive area of ​​permanent convection in the southeastern Arabian Sea. By May 31st, about 645 km south of Mumbai , India , this had developed into a low pressure area with cyclical air currents at medium altitude and sufficient convection activity. This disturbance initially lacked near-surface circulation; instead there was a strong divergence along the western end of a near-surface low pressure trough .

Favorable conditions at altitude made it possible to improve convection and on June 1, circulation was also formed on the surface. Late on June 1, the system developed to the point where it was classified as a Depression by the India Meteorological Department (IMD). It migrated westward along the southwestern edge of a system of fronts over southern India. The convection became increasingly organized and on the morning of June 2, the low pressure area about 685 km southwest of Mumbai was declared Tropical Cyclone 02A by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC).

From the very beginning of its development, the system was confronted with dry air in the northwest of the storm center, which is why it was expected that this dry air would limit the intensification of the storm system. However, the storm intensified steadily and was upgraded to Deep Depression by the IMD on June 2nd, and classified as Cyclonic Storm Gonu about 760 km southwest of Mumbai during the day. The name Gonu was proposed by the Maldives and is the name of a bag made from palm leaves in the Dhivehi language spoken in the Maldives. When a subtropical channel formed over Pakistan , Gonu turned north to northeast, but then took a more westerly course again after a front system had formed in the north.

With its strong Konvektionszentrum the storm underwent a rapid intensification and reached in the morning of June 3, the status of a severe cyclonic storm, and due to the outflow the JTWC Gonu estimated at this time on the strength of her as being equivalent to a hurricane of category 1 a . The dry air masses north of the storm had a smaller impact on the intensification of the cyclone than originally assumed. As the storm pushed itself under a high pressure ridge, the discharge increased and, in connection with the locally increasing water temperature, Gonu quickly strengthened and developed a well-developed eye in its center .

Late on June 3rd, Gonu was upgraded to a very severe cyclonic storm by the IMD; this then became the strongest hurricane ever recorded in the Arabian Sea. Due to the low wind shear and the advantageous discharge at altitude, Gonu continued to gain strength and reached one-minute wind speeds of 260 km / h and gusts of up to 315 km / h about 285 km east-southeast of Masirah off the coast of Oman and was only the second known storm of this strength in the Indian Ocean at all. The IMD classified Gonu as a Super Cyclonic Storm Gonu on the evening of June 4 , when the cyclone reached wind speeds of 240 km / h and an estimated central pressure of 920  mPa .

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Gonu as it approaches Oman .

After Gonu maintained its greatest strength for about nine hours, the IMD revoked the Gonu rating for a very severe cyclonic storm. The eye filled with clouds and the storm weakened as it moved further north, moving over cooler water and through a drier zone of air. Due to the action of the mainland in Oman , the inner convection core quickly weakened and within 24 hours the wind speed decreased by 95 km / h. According to the IMD, cyclone Gonu grazed the far eastern tip of Oman; the storm is the strongest tropical cyclone that has ever directly hit part of the Arabian Peninsula . Although the winds were already being steadily weakened by the influence of the land, the system on the whole organized itself better in the hours before reaching the mainland; Gonu kept a well-defined structure near the ground with one faint eye. After the cyclone hit the Gulf of Oman , it intensified slightly. Increasing wind shear and the inclusion of dry air over the Arabian Peninsula weakened the convection in the eastern semicircle of the cyclone.

On June 6, the cyclone turned more north-northwest after an approaching trough created weakness in the frontal system and during the day the JTWC Gonu downgraded to a tropical storm. The IMD also downgraded Gonu; Gonu has now been rated as a severe tropical cyclone by the Indian authorities and in the early morning of June 7th only as a tropical cyclone. Gonu crossed the Makran shoreline in Iran six hours later, and the IMD stopped issuing warnings about Gonu.

Preparations

In Oman , the head of the national civil protection authority announced that the armed forces and the police would be on standby for the period after the cyclone had passed through. Significant damage was expected from Gonu, particularly in the northeast, caused by heavy rain and winds. The authorities asked to leave the endangered areas and because of the danger of storm surges and the strong wind, the evacuation of around 7,000 people was ordered on Masirah . The state of emergency was declared for the national territory. Oman's national weather service indicated the storm would have worse effects than the devastating cyclone that hit Masirah in 1977. The operation of the petroleum terminal in Mina al-Fahal was shut down for three days. Government agencies ceased operations for two days, and five days were declared nationwide on non-working days. However, most of the operations along the coast were closed before this announcement. Flights to Muscat Airport after 20:00 UTC on June 5 were canceled due to the cyclone.

No official storm warnings were issued in Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates , and cyclone-related oil outages were not expected in these two states. Crude oil prices rose as a result of the upcoming storm, but this increase was negligible compared to the price increases later in the year. Tom Kloza, the chief analyst of the industry information service Oil Price Information Service , said that Gonu was an excuse for the price increase (...) as opposed to a reason .

In Pakistan , authorities advised fishermen not to go further than 50 km out to sea because the storm expected strong waves further out.

The weather monitoring authorities in Iran warned the coastal areas in the southeast of the state of the cyclone; strong to heavy precipitation and gusty winds were expected. Before the hurricane hit, 40,000 people were moved at least a kilometer inland in the coastal areas. All flights to and from Konarak Airport were canceled for two days . The hospitals in the provinces of Sistan and Balochistan have been upgraded to the highest level of readiness. The Iranian section of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement sent aid deliveries to the region in advance.

Effects

Damage caused by Gonu in Muscat

The cyclone delayed the arrival of the southwest monsoons in the Western Ghats of India .

About seven hours before the cyclone passed near the northeastern coast of Oman, the effects of the cyclone began to make themselves felt, with harsh winds and heavy rainfall that in individual cases reached 610 mm within 24 hours. Gonu caused high waves on much of the coast, flooding numerous roads near the shore. The wind brought the power supply and telephone connections to a standstill in eastern Oman, which affected thousands of residents. The storm caused severe damage on the coast , particularly in Sur and Ras al-Hadd , the extreme eastern point of mainland Oman. In Muscat, the storm reached wind speeds of 100 km / h and caused power outages. The waves and heavy rainfall flooded streets and some buildings. The storm caused only minor damage to the country's oil fields. The terminal for the handling of liquefied natural gas in Sur, where 10 million tons of this raw material are handled annually, was temporarily unable to work due to the effects of the storm. Cyclone Gonu killed at least 49 Omanis, according to Oman News Agency reports, with more than two dozen people missing four days after the storm. Property damage in Oman was estimated at approximately $ 4 billion US dollars (in 2007 prices), which is the highest amount of damage caused by a natural event in Oman.

Map of the amount of precipitation around the Gulf of Oman between May 31 and June 7, 2007. The areas marked in red recorded precipitation of at least 200 mm.

Violent waves pushed enormous amounts of water against the low stretches of coast in Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates, so that roads, such as the connection between Kalba and Fujairah , had to be closed due to flooding . The waves reportedly reached a height of 10 m on the coast, which destroyed several fishing boats. About 300 boats became useless because the waves threw them on land or equipment on them was lost. The port of Fujairah was badly affected. A ship sank in front of the port and there was no information about the whereabouts of the ten people on board.

In Iran , Gonu dumped heavy to heavy rainfall. In Tschabahar 74 mm of rain fell. The wind reached 111 km / h and caused damage to power lines and houses built from Lehn; drooping power lines caused fires. The rain caused flash floods with full houses and flooded streets. In some places the tide reached a level about two meters above normal, causing damage to houses on the coast. In Neekschahr County, the floods caused by Gonu caused a dam to break. Nationwide, the cyclone is responsible for 23 deaths, 20 of which were drowning. Property damage in Iran amounts to around two billion Iranian rials .

consequences

The international airport in the Omani capital of Muscat reopened after being closed for three days. The port of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates resumed operations on June 7th. In Oman, the supply of drinking water was impaired because the operation of the two seawater desalination plants was interrupted by the storm. While one plant in Ghubrah had to stop production due to a failure in the supply of natural gas , the other in Barka was out of order due to the flooding caused by the storm. The two plants normally ensure the drinking water supply for the roughly 630,000 inhabitants of Muscat and the surrounding areas. The production downtime led to a widespread shortage of drinking water in eastern Oman. The problems leading to the failure were resolved within five days. During the same period, the power supply in Muscat and the coastal provinces was largely restored. The cyclone caused only minor damage to the oil facilities. The loss of production in the crude oil industry was estimated at $ 200 million (US $ 2007).

After the cyclone passed through, the Iranian section of the Red Crescent and the Iranian military provided more than ten thousand blankets, 1,300 tents, clothing, food and drinking water in the affected region.

Web links

Commons : Zyklon Gonu  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Northern Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclone Best Track Data ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on April 16, 2009. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  2. ↑ NASA Earth Observatory: Tropical Cyclone Gonu ( English ) In: NASA . June 4, 2007. Archived from the original on October 30, 2008. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  3. ↑ India Meteorological Department: May 27 Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) May 27, 2007. Accessed on June 4, 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu  
  4. ↑ Delta Forecast Team: May 31 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the North Indian Ocean ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. May 31, 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  5. ^ Charlie Forecast Team: June 1 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the North Indian Ocean ( English ) Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  6. ↑ India Meteorological Department: June 2 Tropical Weather Outlook ( English ) 2007. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu
  7. ^ A b Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone 02A Warning NR 001 ( English ) 2007. Accessed on June 4, 2007.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: dead link / ftp.met.fsu.edu
  8. ^ India Meteorological Department: Deep Depression over East Central Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  9. ^ India Meteorological Department: Cyclone Storm 'GONU' over East Central Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  10. ↑ Associated Press: Powerful Cyclone Gonu Strikes Oil-Rich Persian Gulf ( English ) FOXNews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 17, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 4, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foxnews.com
  11. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 004 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Accessed June 4, 2007.}
  12. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 005 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  13. ^ India Meteorological Department: Severe Cyclone Storm 'GONU' over East Central Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  14. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 006 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  15. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 007 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  16. ^ India Meteorological Department: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm 'GONU' over East Central Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  17. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 010 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  18. ^ India Meteorological Department: A Super Cyclonic Storm 'GONU' over East Central and adjoining westcentral and north Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  19. ^ India Meteorological Department: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm 'GONU' over East Central and adjoining westcentral and north Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  20. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning enter: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 012 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. Retrieved on 4 June of 2007.
  21. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 015 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  22. ^ India Meteorological Department: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm 'GONU'. ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  23. ↑ NASA: Rare Tropical Cyclone Churns in Arabian Sea ( English ) 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  24. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 016 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved on 5 June of 2007.
  25. ^ India Meteorological Department: Very Severe Cyclonic Storm 'GONU'. ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  26. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 017 ( English ) 6. June 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Accessed March 9, 2011th
  27. ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 018 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  28. ↑ Joint Typhoon Warning Center: Tropical Cyclone Gonu Warning NR 019 ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 6, 2007. Retrieved on June 6 of 2007.
  29. ^ India Meteorological Department: Severe Cyclonic Storm 'GONU'. ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  30. ^ India Meteorological Department: Cyclonic Storm 'GONU'. ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  31. ^ India Meteorological Department: Cyclonic Storm 'GONU' ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  32. ^ Sunil K. Vaidya: Tropical cyclonic storm to strike eastern coast of Oman (English) . Archived from the original on June 7, 2007 Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved June 4, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com 
  33. ↑ a b c Reuters: Oman on alert for cyclone - official news agency ( English ) 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  34. ↑ Associated Press: Oman evacuates eastern island as powerful storm approaches ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2009. Retrieved on June 4, 2007.
  35. ↑ Agencies: Cyclone reaches Omani coast ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 5, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com
  36. ↑ a b Lin Noueihed: Cyclone Gonu weakens to a storm on way to Iran ( English ) Reuters Alertnet. 2007. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
  37. ^ Sunil Vaidya: Oman declares Gonu public holiday ( English ) Gulf News. 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 5, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com
  38. ↑ Sunil Vaidya: Oman cancels all flights ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 5, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com
  39. ↑ Bloomberg.com: Gonu Weakens to Category Four Storm, Heads for Oman ( English ) 2007. Retrieved June 5, 2007.
  40. ↑ Al Jazeera: Oman on high alert as cyclone nears ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved on June 6, 2007: “ It's an excuse, as opposed to a reason, for the rise in prices. "
  41. ↑ Pakistan Daily Times: Tropical cyclone heading to Sindh coast ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  42. ↑ a b c Agence France-Presse: Iran evacuates thousands as cyclone strikes ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  43. ↑ a b Islamic Republic News Agency: Gonu Cyclone keeps lashing southern Iranian islands, cities ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on July 15, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  44. ^ A b International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies: Iran: Cyclone Gonu Information Bulletin No. 2 ( English ) Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
  45. ↑ More pre-monsoon showers in city ( English ) Cybernoon.com. 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
  46. ^ A b Sunil Vaidya, Daniel Bardsley and Aftab Kazmi: Gulf States on Gonu alert ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 5, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com
  47. ^ Sunil Vaidya: Cyclone Gonu weakening ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 9, 2007. Retrieved June 6, 2007.
  48. ↑ a b Diala Saadeh: Cyclone Gonu leaves Oman, heads towards Iran ( English ) Reuters. 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2007.
  49. ↑ a b Associated Press: Cyclone Gonu causes water shortages in Oman ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 10, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.foxnews.com
  50. ↑ Middle East North Africa Financial Network: Oman suffers $ 4b from Cyclone Gonu ( English ) 2007. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Information: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 18, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.menafn.com
  51. ↑ Fujairah hit by Cyclone Gonu ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on June 7, 2007. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 5, 2007. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gulfnews.com
  52. ↑ Gonu sends fish prices soaring ( English ) Gulfnews.com. 2007. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved June 8, 2007.
  53. ↑ United Press International: Iran surveys damage after cyclone ( English ) 2007. Retrieved June 10, 2007.
  54. ↑ a b Reuters: Death toll in Iran from cyclone climbs to 23 ( English ) 2007. Retrieved on June 10 of 2007.
  55. ↑ Reuters: Gonu costs Oman $ 200m in lost exports ( English ) 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2007.