Benign tumor
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| D10 - D36 | Benign neoplasms |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
In medicine, a benign tumor is a tumor that neither meets the criteria for hyperplasia nor the criteria for a semi- malignant or malignant tumor .
In contrast to hyperplasia, benign tumors develop independently of the stimulus and show no tendency to regress. They grow autonomously, but in contrast to malignant tumors, they do not show any infiltrative growth - i.e. they do not penetrate into the surrounding tissue, but displace it, so that a clear boundary between tumor and surrounding tissue, often also in the sense of capsule formation, can be recognized. In addition, there is no metastasis in benign tumors (a spread with the formation of daughter tumors). In contrast to these benign tumors, the hamartomas that arise from the embryonic cotyledons have no growth autonomy and thus form their own pathological entity . Nevertheless, benign tumors can also be dangerous due to indirect damage (pressure atrophy , ectopic hormone production, occlusion of hollow organs, etc.) and are therefore sometimes referred to as "biologically malignant".
Benign epithelial tumors
There is no systematic nomenclature here . Mostly they are named after their macroscopic appearance.
Examples of designation according to appearance:
Adenomas originate from highly prismatic epithelial glandular tissue and usually form inwardly running glandular tubes: The adenoma of the kidney is madeup of tubular cells arranged like a gland ; Adenomas of the gastrointestinal tract also originate from epithelial cells and form polypoid protrusions from glandular tubes; Adenomas can become malignant (degenerate) and are then referred to as adenocarcinomas . Adenomatoid tumors are believed to be of mesothelial origin.
Papillomas also originate from epithelial tissue (mostly squamous epithelium). They form finger-shaped or wart-shaped polypoid protuberances (for example on the urothelium of the urinary tract).
Cystadenomas, or cystadenomas, are adenomas that form fluid-filled cavities (cysts).
Papillary cystadenomas are adenomas with cyst formation and papilloma-like protuberances therein.
If benign epithelial tumors develop into malignant tumors (in the sense of a malignant transformation or degeneration), the ending carcinoma ("cancer") is added, for example: adenocarcinoma , cystadenocarcinoma (but: papilloma - squamous cell carcinoma ).
Benign mesenchymal tumors
From mesenchymal consisting cells, they are designated according to the origin tissue.
Examples of designation according to the fabric of origin
- Lipoma , starting from fatty tissue ( adipocytes )
- Fibroma originating from the connective tissue ( fibrocytes )
- Chondroma , starting from cartilage tissue ( chondrocytes )
If benign mesenchymal tumors develop into malignant tumors, the ending -sarcoma is added . They are then called, for example, fibrosarcoma or liposarcoma .
